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bending a templet round the twisted part thereof ; and whichis by being guided by the back ; first, describe the bignessof the stuff to be used, as abhi, which shows how muchwood will be wanted at bottom, supposing s to be the side ofthe rail. And because the grain of the wood should beagreeable to the falling of the twist, therefore consider howmany thicknesses of stuff will make the wood required to cutthe twist out of; as here three. Therefore, as in s, con-tinue the line a b ; place one foot of your compasses in a,make the section, or part of a circle, cd; divide it into fourparts, as 1,2, 3, 4, because the rail s must be always reckonedas one ; this, by inspection, shows how the grain of the woodis to be managed, as appears by the shape of the severalpieces, 119, 120, 121, which are better, if cut so by the pitch-board, before glued together.

“ In 122 is shown how to square the twisted part, makingthe bottom your guide ; the section shows how much woodis wanted on the back.

| “ In 123 is shown how to square the twisted part, making

a middle line on the back your guide ; the section shows thewood wanting on the back and at the bottom.

“ That of 124 may be cut out of a parallel piece, of thethickness of the intended rail, which, when it is glued to thetwisted part, will want little or no humouring.

“ N.B. —There is a nicety in working the mitre thereof,as k l m.”

The above method of forming the wreath by gluing dif-ferent thicknesses together in parallel blocks, perhaps origi-nated with Price, or might be in use among workmen in histime. The process is quite mechanical, and what mightoccur to any well-informed workman. And though thewreath might be got out of much less stuff than by theformer principle, it is tedious, and much more uncertain.To apply these properly would require the workman tounderstand the method of orthographical elevations ; andthough Mr. Price seems to have had a notion of this, hisrepresentations of the wreaths are all drawn by guess, andare therefore not to be depended upon. Another method bywhich this might have been ascertained, is by a plan anddevelopment of the twist, where the risings of the blocksmight have been ascertained according to their several thick-nesses ; we shall show this improvement at the end of thisarticle, accompanied with a diagram.

“ You are to observe, the foregoing Figures must bewell understood ; and then, in these Figures the lengths of! the newel and balusters that stand under the twist or scrollj j are truly described ; that is, their lengths and bevels may beknown before the rail be put up in its place; and, that itmay prove easy, observe the plan, Figure 125, of the twist orscroll is the same as before, and so are the two steps p and Q,and the pitch-board, 126.

“First, resolve on the bigness of your balusters, ns a, b, c,d, e,f and also the newel. Divide the said balusters truly ona line drawn in the middle of the rail ; for then what is wideon one side is narrower on the other. It is for that reason Ichoose to divide them on a middle line. Describe the planof the balusters, as pq, rs, tu, uw, xy, and z, for thereyour twisted part ends ; from thence to the eye is level.

“ Observe where your scroll begins, as at l, and on some[ line, as above in 127, first make a point at l; then fromI your plan take the distances pq, rs, tv, uw, xy, and z,

I which transfer as above, observing to have regard to place

i truly each distance from l both ways, as p q, rs, tv, u w, xy,

and 2 . Observe also to take from the plan the distance froml to m, which apply to the pitch-board R, as from h to n,which gives the length ho; take this pitch-board and applyit on the line above, which, by inspection, the letters will

show ; this gives the slope of the rail, as h ofy. From 0 *h, and from h toy, form the curve by equal divisions,® 11drawing straight lines, as was before shown. .

“Lastly, having the lengths of your fixed balusters, ns® jFigure 127, describe the steps S and t with the pitch-boa r,so that by continuing perpendicular lines, from the points ° nthe line first terminated to the said curve and to the step-'you have the accurate lengths of the balusters, as a,b,c> a ’e,f; the newel g being the same length as / because at/ 0z the twisted part ends. ,

“The curve of the first, or curtail-step, Figure 1" ’is formed by the same rule as delivered for the plan of 111rail. _ f

“ It may not be amiss to observe particularly the point ^the sweep or curve’s beginning, and being particular alsoits application, by which this and the foregoing, thougrepresented with but two steps, is the same, in fact, ®^though I had described a whole flight to show its use.”

To ascertain the height of the balusters is not ofgreat importance to workmen of the present day. *■method is, however, correct ; and though it might be l® 1down and expressed more clearly, it is as eligible as anycan be applied to the purpose. Price’s remark for tak< n =>the middle line for the division of the balusters is judicioU 9 j“ Zealous to promote,’’ says he, “what may be useful*have made easy the difficulty of squaring a rail that ramPon a circular base. j

“ Observe, Figure 128 is the plan of a staircase ; and ®^the landing is a quarter-circle : to make this easy, in 129. ^three steps, described by a larger scale, and the same metb®as shown in 103, 104. Likewise, 109 is the plan of tlj« r! V |( jIt was shown in 110, &c., how to trace out a mould on 1rake, agreeable to this plan, or indeed any other. A c °^ nsiderable thickness of wood more than usual is required 0 _

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the back of this rail, which will appear more plainlyinspecting 117, &c., as also the method to trace your nio** ^that shall bend round the said rail. Let the sides be squ® 1

as was shown in 109, 110, 111, 112,113, 114, 115. Ohs®

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here, in Figure 129, the line kp o ; take the distance kp> ^place it on some line at pleasure, as in 130 : then divideouter circle in 130 into a number of equal parts, as into - Jj,as from g to h, which transfer to 131, a® 9, L Z, 3, 4, 5,

The point of the ramp maybe observed to fall within ^fifth division, as at s ; so that, by the intersection of str!l '^|,elines and equal divisions, you describe the sweep f° 1 ' ( |,gramp g b, which makes 131, the mould, to bend roundoutside of the said rail.

“ Observe also in 130, from e to/, divide it into six e< l eparts, which transfer to 132, as from e to f; and (o^'qo jagain) the ramp falls within the fifth division, as at r. ;divide the distance from e to g, and from g to b, intoparts, and by drawing straight lines, you have the sweep ^ 'From the point b, to p, is the thickness you want to be ®' ^ !extraordinary on the back of the rail 132, and which > s jinner mould ; so that by bending both these mouldsthe rail, and by drawing them with a pencil, and c® ^away the superfluous wood, you have an exact square b®®^

“ There seems no difficulty now left unmentioned, to s dtwisted rails in any form whatever.

“Because I have all along strove to give variety. °^ se

133, in which is shown a method to have your new

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the twist, the same length as the rest; by which rnea> lS „the rail twists no farther than the first quarter, and e® t j,o |quently the remaining part may be cut out of a plank, 0thickness of your rail, without twisting at all. There 9 . gV , jno explanation wanting to clear this point, but insp e ®jj<J, :and a good conception of Figures 109, 110, 111, 1^’ 1