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superintendence of the building of St. Paul’s, Covent-garden;with the management of the masques and interludes for theentertainment of the court. This brought him into a squabblewith Ben Jonson, his coadjutor , who ridiculed him in hiscomedy of Bartholomew-fair, under the name of LanternLcatherhead. He suffered considerably during the time ofCromwell, so that grief, misfortunes, and age, brought himto his grave in July, 1651. In 1655, appeared his Discourseon Stonehenge , in which he attempts to prove it to have beena Roman temple. As an architect, Inigo generally, but notalways, shines to great advantage. He designed the palace ofWhitehall and the Banqueting-liouse, the church and piazzaof Covent-garden, Coleshill in Berkshire, Cobham-hall in
Kent, and various other buildings, public and private. ^1*principal of his designs were published in folio, in 1727, ansome in 1744.
JUFFERS, stuff about four or five inches square, of aI ^length. This term is not now in use, though frequent yfound in old books. ,
JUMP, in masonry, one among the very numerous app el .lations given to the dislocations of the strata, by practicminers of different districts. . .
JUMPER, a long iron tool, with a steel chisel-like p°'j' ’used in quarries and mines for drilling or boring sliot-ho 1in rocks which require to be blasted with gunpowder. D Tl , 'neger, and gad, are other terms by which this tool is calle®'
K.
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KALEIDOSCOPE, an optical instrument, the inventionof Sir David Brewster . It creates and exhibits, by reflec-tions, a variety of beautiful colours and symmetrical forms ;so that such as may be deemed appropriate, may be madeuse of for patterns, as in carpets, and for other purposes ofornamental design.
KAOLIN, a species of clay, one of the two ingredients inChinese porcelain.
KEEP TOWER , the middle, or principal tower in acastle. See Castle .
KEEPING, to be in keeping with, or harmonize with,—atechnical term used in painting, and signifying the peculiarmanagement of those parts of the art, colouring and chiaro-scuro, which produces the proper degree of relievo in objectsadmitted into a composition; according to their relativepositions in the imagined scene, and the degree of importancethe artist attaches to them.
KENILWORTH CASTLE, is famed in the annals ofWarwickshire for its antiquity. “ This ancient castle,” saysDugdale, “ was the glory of all these parts, and for manyrespects may be ranked, in a third place at the least, withthe most stately castles of England.” This fortress was builtby Geoffry de Clinton, in the time of Henry I. He waschamberlain and treasurer to that monarch. By subsequentkings and occupiers it was greatly enlarged and strengthenedat different times: and in the various civil and domestic warsof England, it was frequently the object of contention withdifferent monarchs and nobles. Edward II . was confined fora time in Kenilworth Castle, shortly before his murder inBerkley Castle, (a.d. 1327). In the following reign, Johnof Gaunt became owner of the castle, which he muchaugmented by new and magnificent buildings. Henry IV. ,son of John of Gaunt , united the castle, which he inherited,to the domains of the crown, of which it formed part till thetime of Elizabeth, who granted it to Robert Dudley , Earl ofLeicester. The magnificent entertainment given here byLeicester to Elizabeth, has be4n made familiar to the generalreader by Sir Walter Scott ’s historical romance of “ Kenil-worth.” After the civil war of Charles I. , the castle wasdismantled, but extensive and picturesque ruins remain.What remains of the buildings shows that the whole was animmense and spacious pile; consisting of an outer wall withbastion towers, a tilt-yard, with towers at each end ; andseveral buildings within the ballium, or base-court. The areawithin the walls consists of seven acres. There were four
KEY
gatehouses, and the walls were from ten to fifteen feet ythickness. At a short distance from the castle was a p rl ° !for Black Canons ; of which buildings, parts of the gate''and chapel remain. Near these is the parish church, / ^western door-way of which is a curious specimen of anfl earchitecture.
KERF, the way made by a saw through a piece of tim® ’by displacing the wood with the teeth of the saw.
KEY, in a general sense, a fastener; that which fastens*a piece of wood in the frame of a building, &c. r
KEY or COTTAR, in engineering, a wedge-shape®tapering piece of iron or wood; which is driven firmly lDa mortise prepared to receive the same, to tighten and secU a jthe several parts of any framing or contrivance together*a rail to a chair, &c. forming a fastening. When a key ^passed through a timber-beam, or two or more thicknesof metal or other material, placed side by side, it is custom*to clasp them together by gibbs, previous to insert - 1 0the key. r f
Key, now more commonly spelt Quay, a longby the side of a harbour, river, or canal, furnished with P°“ .and rings, whereby ships and boats may be secured; awith cranes, capstans, and other convenient mechanist 11loading and unloading.
Key, an instrument for locking and unlocking d°°See Lock.
Key, of a floor, the last board that is laid. _ ty
KEYED DADO, that which is secured from warpingbars grooved into the back ; see the following article. ^KEY-HOLE, a hole or aperture in a door or lock*receiving a key. . . -9
KEY-PILE, the centre pile plank of one of the divis 1 ^, #of sheeting-piles contained between two gauge pH eS r° rt u,coffer-dam or similar work. It is made of a wedge-'^jnarrowest at the bottom, and, when driven, keys or rve othe whole together. ^ jji
KEYS, in naked flooring, pieces of timber framebetween every two joists, by mortise and tenon; an< ^driven fast between each pair, with their ends butting a o athe grain of the joists, are called strutting pieces. g [ a
Keys, in joinery, pieces of timber let into the back ^board, transverse to the fibres, and made of one or se \\a$breadths of timber, either by a dovetailing, or by first m .^ga groove equal to the width of the keys, and then t j)t)narrow grooves in the sides of the first-made groove closebottom, preserving a sufficient substance at the top of ea