KIT 90 K Y A

a yellowish cast; the latter is best adapted for mixing withtarras, puzzolana, or Parker’s cement, for buildings underwater. It has long been said by lime-burners, that if lime-; stone be imperfectly burned in the first instance, no furtherexposure of it to the fire will produce quick-lime. Thisassertion, which it was supposed was the offspring of igno-rance, has been confirmed by M. Yicat, in a valuable treatiselately published by him on mortar and cements. Such lime,

I which is technically termed dead lime, does not slake withwater, but upon being ground and made into a paste withwater, differs from common mortar by setting under water.

KILOMETRE, a thousand metres. In the French systemof measures, the metre is the unit, and is equivalent to3.2808992 English feet. The kilometre is about five-eighthsof our statute mile.

KING-POST, or Crown-Post. See Crown-Post.

; , KIOSK , a word applied in Turkey to a kind of open pavi-lion, or summer-house, supported by pillars.

KIRB-PLATE. Nee Curb-Plate.

KIRB-ROOF. See Curb-Roof.j : KITCHEN (Welsh , begin) the cooking-room, an apart-

| ment used for the preparation of food, and furnished withi suitable accommodations and utensils for that purpose, ofwhich the following are some of the principal.

A range of grating ; a smoke-jack in the chimney, to turn; the spits for roasting ; a large screen to stand before the fire,

| to keep off the cold air from the articles roasting, by whichmeans the operation is considerably accelerated. An oven,i and also a copper boiler, should be constructed on one side of: the fire-place, and on the other side, a large cast-iron plate,

' fixed horizontally, on which to keep sauce and stew-pans

continually boiling with a uniform degree of heat. Severalpreserving stoves should be fitted up, according to the num-ber of the family; and a table as large as the kitchen willadmit of. It would be impossible to enumerate the whole ofthe articles for culinary purposes ; but, besides the above, thekitchen should also be furnished with dressers, having drawersor cupboards under them, put up in every vacant part ; it| should also have shelves fitted up round the sides, in order• to set stevv-pans, sauce-pans, &c. out of the way. Adjoiningto the kitchen, ought to be a large coal-cellar, for the con-venient supply of the fire. The water ought to be conductedI to the kitchen by means of pipes, to be drawn off by one or| more cocks, as may be wanted. The screen should be madeof wood, and lined with tin, and fitted up with shelves, soas to hold the dishes and plates to be made hot for dinner.The copper-boiler is sometimes made double, or divided, and| both parts heated by the same fire; each part should be| furnished with a water-cock. The kitchen table should not| ; be less than three inches thick. If the windows do not afford; | a very good light, a sky-light should be placed over thetable, with a moveable cap, so as to admit any quantity of air( at pleasure.

i Modern science has introducedso many improvements in this

part of a large establishment, that it would be impossible ,adescribe them. For the perfection of the department con 1 'prehended under the simple word kitchen , we would reco®'mend our readers to inspect that of the Reform Club, or n n /similar cuisine. It is to be regretted that similar impro ve 'ments, as far as may be deemed advisable, are not ®° regenerally introduced into establishments of a humble 1,description.

KNEE, a piece of timber cut at an angle, or having groove 9to an angle.

Knee, in hanfl-railing, a part of the back with a convc*curvature ; it is the reverse of a ramp, which is liolloW 011the back.

KNIFE, Drawing . See Drawing Knife.

KNOTTING, a process in painting, for preventing 111knots from appearing in the finish.

Knotting is a composition of strong size, mixed with re alead, for the first knotting, which prevents the gum fr 0 ^coming through. The second knotting is a compositionwhite-led, red-lead, and oil; but in principal rooms, wh® _the knots happen to be very bad, they are often silvered •which is done by laying on a coat of gold size, and, wh e °properly dry, a silver leaf is placed on them, which is sUl8to prevent the knots appearing.

The operation of knotting is the first process in painting’

KNUCKLE, of a hinge, the cylindrical part, where **one strap is indented into the other, and revolves upon a P |Bfixed as an axis, in that of the cylinder. See Hinging.

KYANIZING, the term applied to the process of pres® 1 . 1 'ing timber and other substances from dry rot, inventedMr. Kyan. Processes of a similar description, andsimilar purposes, but differing in the chemical a 2 el ' ttemployed, have also been patented by Sir William Burn ®and others, and called from the respective inventors,nettizing, Payanizing, Bethellizing, &c. ig

Kyan’s preparation consists in immersing the substanc®be preserved in a solution of corrosive sublimate, which jsaid to neutralize the primary element of fermentation,render the fibre of the wood indestructible. The princ’l’advantage, however, claimed for the process, is, that it sea 30the timber in so short a time; what, in ordinary circumstan® ^occupies two or three years, being, by means of kyani® 11 ^effected in as many months. It is also said to protectwood from the ravages of insects. We desire to off® r ^opinion on the comparative merits of these several metb® .of effecting the same objects. All have been in turn 1“° iand decried, as all have been in turn used and conde® n ^They are used extensively in railway sleepers and ° ^j 0engineering works, which, from their exposure, are very b ato premature decay. gr) ,

It is generally understood, however, among practicalthat timber, though prepared by any of these proc** 3cannot be depended upon for a certainty to resist the cbined effects of moisture and great heat.

L.

| LAB

LABEL, an ornament placed over an aperture, in the! castellated style of building, consisting of a horizontal part| over the head, with two parts returning downwards at a rightj angle, one on each side of the aperture: sometimes these arej terminated at tl s bottom with a bead, but most frequently

LAB

return again at a right angle outwards, and, conseq ueparallel to the part over the head.

LABOUR, in measuring, the value put on * ^ toof work, in consideration only of the time req uireperform it.