M E A
141
ME A
f^as
by j res ar e about -k above that standard. It was enactedou nce 7«s I- of Scotland , that the pint should contain 41* r °ne weight of the clear water of Tay, and byclen.. V that it should contain 55 Scots troy ounces of the
- - -
lati ' v ^ er Leith. This affords another method of regu-th e le pint, and also ascertaining the ancient standard of*fon e ° ne ' ve 'ght. As the water of Tay and Leith is alike, theto must have been to the Scots troy weight, as 55
aboin therefore the pound 'trone must have contained2 ounces Scots , troy.
P G>Us. = 1 Mutchkin
t Mutchkins . = 1 Chopin
L ' =1 Pint
= 1 Quart
ts... = 1 Gallon.
The'out
Chopins. -^mts.
d Quart:
Scotch
. — quart contains 210 inches, and is therefore
than 0 less than the English wine gallon, and about 4 lessAs * t e ale £ allon -
°bs er ° the liquid measures of foreign nations, it is to behav e , h’ that their several vessels for wine, vinegar, &c.8 >ae s s ° Various denominations, according to their differentGerrn d tdle places wherein they are used. The woeders of^'ffwemffor holding Rhenish and Moselle wines, areA*Ust er a ln their gauges ; some containing 14 aumes ofj 8 teclt am mea sure, and others more or less. The aumeI of a ' led at Amsterdam for 8 steckans, or 20 verges, or forHi^ A Un of 2 pipes, or 4 barrels of French or Bordeaux ,the^ ® at this latter place is called tiergon, because three ofSte °han • a P’P e > or two barrels, and six the said tun. Thetfisp^t la t6 mingles, or 32 pints; and the verge is, in«°n s 0 f . the said Rhenish and Moselle, and some other6A tn^' 06 ’ ® ooiugles, but in measuring brandy it consistsa 0(4 r "' ln gles. The aume is divided into 4 anckers, and theor 32 mingles. The ancker is taken^ 0r ^eauY S i*° r ^ °t a tu n, or 4 barrels ; on which footing thei 3 barrel ought to contain at Amsterdam (when themin 11 ?^ 6 according to the just gauge,) 12^ steckans, ort 8 ck e( j ^.® s > wine and lees ; or 12 steckans, or 192 mingles,
Wine:
ste cka " C ’ 80 that the Bordeaux tun of wine contains^ ^68 mj 18 ’ or ®00 mingles, wine and lees ; and 48 steckans,tes „ ln ?' es > °f pure wine. The barrels, or poingons, ofnaan's other places on the river Loire , contain only 12f 8ni ac ’ ;~ ms terdam measure. The wine tun of Rochelle,4 t0| U thg t * aiente > anf l the Isle of Rhe , differs very little7 P'Deo n , 0 ^ Bordeaux , and consquently from ths barrels
;lr*l. i ‘ A fur, - £* __♦_ _ o /-ii. _ i _ _ _ t-» . _
jun of wine of Chalosse, Bayonne, and the
Uei ^
Arn S f'* n ? Peaces, is reckoned 60 steckans, and the barrel'L. e ol f dar » measure.
V L° d »md of
V e aa d
lees
Paris contains 150 quarts or 300 pints,rt) ak e ’ ° r ^80 pints clear wine; of which muids
g a | t * s > or pipes, from Cadiz, Malaga, Alicant , Bene-i^tto, an< j e, -p an d Mataro, and from the Canaries, Lisbon ,height ^ a y al > are very different in their gauges, thoughto ' r ' l 'eg !ll ,™ en t s they are all reckoned two to the tun.
(j asn_ 18 —
^ki
c ali ,
>l len u r P'Pes.
^ftes f 0 1S . rrieas ured in the same manner as wine, but thel 'a, J> r brandies are different, tliesespirits, from France ,s gal, &c., are generally shipped in large casks,
it; the’ ^ >,J tts, and pieces, according to the places fromCr, Cas hs „^, are imported, &c. In France , brandy is shipped,>!», . - ' "
N ;, er ges
s omp l8 ^ e Lhe, and other neighbouring places, which■g es m ° re and some less, even from 60 to 90 Amster-e plac^ ^® erte l s > according to the capacity of the vessel,
V j‘ J ‘ aCes they come fn
2 o
Pints
8 =
1 Gallon
16 =
2 =
1 Peck
64 =
8 =
4 =
256 =
32 =
16 =
512 =
64 =
32 =
2560 =
320 =
160 = 4
5120 - 640 = 320
Dry Measure.
8=2= 1 Quarter
0 = 10 = 5 = 1 Wey,
80 = 20 = 10 = 2 = 1 Last
268^ Cubic Inches = 1 Gallon36 Bushels = 1 Chaldron of Coals .
Measure of Capacity for things Dry, was the Winchestergallon heretofore ; as for corn, salt, coal, and other dry goods,in England. The gallon contains 272|^ cubic inches. Thebushel 8 gallons, or 2178 inches. A cylindrical vessel, 18^inches diameter, and 8 inches deep, is appointed to be used as abushel in levying the malt tax. A vessel of these dimensionsis rather less than the Winchester bushel of 8 gallons, for itcontains only 2150 inches, though probably there was nodifference intended. The denominations of dry measurecommonly used, are given in the first of the subjoined tables.Four quarters of corn make a chaldron, five quarters make awey or load, and ten quarters make a tun. In measuringseacoal, five pecks make a bushel, nine bushels make a quarteror vatt, four quarters make a chaldron, and twenty-one chal-drons make a score.
40 feet hewn timber make a load.
50 feet unbewn timber make a load.
32 gallons make a herring barrel.
42 gallons make a salmon barrel.
1 cwt. gunpowder makes a barrel.
256 lbs. soap make a barrel.
. 10 doz. candles make a barrel.
12 barrels make a last.
Scotch dry measure. There was formerly only one measureof capacity in Scotland ; and some commodities were heaped,others straiked, or measured exactly to the capacity of thestandard. The method of heaping was afterwards forbiddenas unequal, and a larger measure appointed for such com-modities as that custom had been extended to. The wheatfirlot, used also for rye, pease, beans, salt, and grass seeds,contains 21 pints 1 mutchkin, measured by the Stirling jug.The barley firlot, used also for oats, fruit, and potatoes, con-tains 31 pints. A different method of regulating the firlotwas appointed from a cylindrical vessel. The diameter forboth measures was fixed at 19J inches, the depth 7^ inchesfor the wheat firlot, and 134 for the barley firlot. A standardconstructed by these measures is rather less than when regu-lated by the pint; and as it is difficult to make vessels exactlycylindrical the regulation by the pint has prevailed, and theother method gone into disuse.
If the Stirling jug contains 103J inches, the wheat firlotwill contain 2109 inches, which is more than two per cent,larger than the legal malt bushel of England, and about oneper cent, larger than the Winchester bushel; and the barleyfirlot will contain 3208 inches. The barley boll is. nearlyequal to six legal malt bushels. In Stirlingshire, 17 pecksare reckoned to the boll; in Inverness-shire, 18 pecks ; inAyrshire, the boll is the same as the English quarter. Andthe firlots in many places are larger than the Linlithgow standard.
French dry measure, are the litron, bushel, minot, mine, sep-tier, muid, and tun. The litron is divided into two demilitrons,and four quarter litrons, and contains 36 cubic inches ofParis . By ordonnance, the litron is to be three inches and ahalf high, and three inches ten lines broad. The litron