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e r iln o ^ le ^riars and monks into deans and preben-Ho^l, ’ v ’ z ~- Canterbury, Winchester, Durham, Worcester ,0ol U S er ’ Norwich, Ely, and Carlisle. He founded also theDfjd®* 9 (d Christ-Church in Oxford , and Trinity in Cam-tvij f ;/ l,1, l finished King's College Chapel there. He like-tli e jj 0 ’ lnt led professorships of divinity, law, physic, and oflie c rew and Greek tongues, in both the said universities.

t *' e house of Gray Friars, and St. Bartholomew’sthe p 0 Q ’ , t * le City of London ; and a perpetual pension tok'fi'dinw' kn 'S''ts of Windsor; and laid out great sums inobseiw , an< ^ Contifying many ports in the Channel. It ishdu Ses H ’ upon the whole, that the dissolution of theirthe peri' V ( i lS an act > not of the church, but of the state, inUterit offi b rec eding the Reformation, by a king and parlia-fiie kin»’ lB ^ ornan Catholic communion in all points excepta nd li,.^ 5 8 su Premacy ; to which the pope himself, by his bullsAltl^f’ had led the way. P Pt^oriuj ®| ^ ew w 'd now be found entirely to approve either* er ’es v a j 8ta blishment or continued subsistence of monas-a c °nsider i destruct ' on of them was felt and lamented, forpile i )lc ra j ‘ e t ime, as a great evil ; and with good reason,loss of t anv enience that attended their dissolution was the^.° a tai j ' ln ^ Va luable books, which their several libraries

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' * e fep 0s - ’ . ’ curing the middle ages, religious houses were8 °kool s ^, t01 * es of literature and science. Besides, they weret*rs° n location and learning ; for every convent had one^'h’hbou Inore appointed for this purpose ; and all the8 >mar ‘.T* de8ired St > might have their children taughtt ‘ l « nu nn a . ol'urch music there, without any expense. Inlfc, i(l; a , Ies also, young females were taught to work andJplfiettien’ n0t 0n ^ P eo pl e of the lower rank, but most of the1 ° Se Plac fUld gentlemen’s daughters, were instructed in" 08 Pitalg AU the monasteries were also in effect greatt°. 0r Peoni and Were most of them obliged to relieve manya ' lln iem c ever y day. They were likewise houses of enter-

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all travellers. And the nobility and gentry.. -lilies v, ° n ^ l° r their old servants in these houses, by^nds, ]L ut l° r their younger children, and impoverished!!'° rs and tnukdl o them first monks and nuns, and in timethev l )1 ’ oresse3 > abbots and abbesses. On the other

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^ er Sy, by j V j'^ re Ver y injurious to the secular and parochial(pitting ttk,n S on themselves many prebends and benefices,t? 1 cllurclles appropriated to them, and pensions

ly 6 e P'sconM°-* le . rs ’ and ky the exemptions they got fromth 8 S;i y not] 1 - J ur *sd.iction, and from the payment of tithes.of °*l t ‘>ng now of the laxity of discipline, and acts ofL SUc h esf t r ’ w ' dcdl have been attributed to the inmatesbpa exa»» ‘shinents ; which, however greatly they havehn^'ces. rated » did unquestionably prevail in someob'"' du als tl* 16 ' 1 * aidts ’ however, are chargeable rather uponlaa u P on the system, against which the previous'^NlfEY °' S 1- eater weight.to th ’ *' 1e We 'ght used in pile-driving, which isHi head 6 f to P °f the machine, and then allowed to fallOt f%o d ° f the pile.

0 j j ^lacing p^’ (Creek, tv govio ypaipttv,) the combinationy>ce, e ~ 0 several letters, so as to produce a single ciphertn fe ^NoLi'pTT^ ed ^ or the purpose of abbreviation,tip. j. ’ (/‘“roc, single, and Xifioc, a stone,) a struc-

l<i( l to Su ®, <d a single colossal stone. The term ishil° Ai(r„. C ' st ructures found in Celtic remains. See

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tistj® 1 ai >d tt r( ^®N, or Monoptral Temple (from govog,®tiy ’6 of a ^ 0,, > a wing) in architecture, an edifice, con-a tk e j 11<; hjsiiii, UCU ' ar c °lonnade supporting a dome, withoutte0l ples VVad ’ and consequently without a cell, as in

JiIONOTRIGLYFI, (from govot, single, and rpiy\v<poc, atriglyph) having only one triglyph between two adjoiningcolumns. The monotriglyph intercolumniation was thegeneral practice in the Grecian Doric ; as in the temple ofTheseus , and in that of Minerva, at Athens.

Mr. Rively, in his preface to the third volume of Stewart'sAthens, says, “ There is a certain appearance of eternalduration in this species of edifice (meaning a Grecian Doric temple) that gives a solemn and majestic feeling, while everypart is perceived to contribute its share to this character ofdurability. From this rapid sketch, it will readily be seenthat no other intercolumniation than that of the monotriglyphcan succeed in this dignified order. The Propyltea, indeed,as well as the temple of Augustus, or Agora, has one intervalof the space of two triglyphs ; but it is easy to perceive, thatthis deviation from the general principle was merely anaccommodation to circumstances ; both these buildings requir-ing a wide opening in the middle of the front. Accordingly,these are the only instances of this deviation to be foundat Athens.”

In the island of Delos, the portico of Philip, king ofMacedon, is another instance.

MONSTRANCE, the vessel in which the consecratedwafer is placed during the benediction ; it is usually madeof a metal frame, to contain a glass vessel, through whichthe wafer is seen. Some of them are of very beautiful andrich design.

MONUMENT, (from the Latin, monumentnm, a memorial )a structure raised to preserve the memory of some eminentperson, or to perpetuate some remarkable event.

Monuments at first consisted of stones erected over thetombs of the deceased, on which were engraved the name,and frequently the actions, of the person to whose memorythey were reared.

Monuments received different names among the ancients,according to their figure. When the base was square, andthe solid erected thereon a prism, the monument was calledsteles; whence square pilasters, or attic columns, are supposedto be derived. When the base was circular, and the soliderected thereon a cone, the monument was called stylos.Those monuments that were square at the foot, and taperingtherefrom in planes to a point in which the planes ended,were called pyramids. Others, which had triangular bases,and their sides ending in a point, were called obelisks; beingconstructed in imitation of the instruments or spits used inroasting the sacrifices.

Monument of Ltsicrates. The choragic monument ofLysicrates, commonly called the Lantern of Demosthenes,is the most beautiful edifice of antiquity of its size.

This monument, which is exquisitely wrought, stands nearthe eastern end ,of the Acropolis . It is composed of threedistinct parts. First, a quadrangular basement ; secondly,-acircular colonnade, the intercolumniationsof which are entirelyclosed up ; and, thirdly, a tholus, or cupola, with a beautifulornament upon it.

The quadrangular basement is entirely closed on everyside, so as to exclude entrance. On breaking through one ofthe sides, it was found not to be quite solid ; but the voidis so small, and irregular, that a man can hardly standupright in it.

This basement supports the circular colonnade, which wasconstructed in the following manner : six equal panels ofwhite marble, placed contiguous to each other ; on a circularplan, formed a continued cylindrical wall ; which of coursewas divided, from top to bottom, into six equal parts, by thejunctures of the panels. On the whole length of each junc-ture was cut a semicircular groove, in which a Corinthian