MOU

221

MOU

f Urni JPl°yed principally in the inlaying of marble slabs forQ n „ r ^' and decorative work upon a moderate scale.

® descrir' - " ■ ... - -

alont,"" ! l< ? acri Ption of mosaic work is that of introducing,na lanil’i the finest marbles, the richest of precious stones,The p azu *’> agates, cornelians, emeralds, turquoises, &c.ll ' e tals^ aCt ' Ce making mosaics with coloured glass anddur a bj[' S n0VV ' n use > though of surprising lustre and’ ^ut that of marbles alone is in common use ; the' v ° r krn !n P vec ^ ous stones being so very dear, that the fewPetty ' v ' 10 apply themselves to it, make little else but

C!dj 'nets°&’ as ornam ents for altar-pieces, tables for rich

'at(; rrn p'S^I'T (^ rom the Arabic , Maschiad, or Medsched, and^ ie Spanish and Portug uese Mezquita andtI 'arlj 3 0 *’' a Mohammedan place of worship, the distinctive^I°sq Ue '" hich are cupolas and minarets. Internally thed>iti 0n p x “'hits nothing remarkable as to plan or accommo-a «y S g , ° rm ‘ n g merely a large hall or apartment, withoutdian °p r ot ^ ler fittings-up, and with no other decoration°0 the v n P avemen ts and carpets, or arabesques and mosaics

Ht £„• Wa fi 3 - In rpnrnvrl t n tl, 00 „ --C *1.„ ----

any

Ulro ;

In regard to these latter, some of the

0 ____... _mosques

oth are ''’S'dy embellished. Although more famed than®*hibit 3 r ’ mosque at Santa Sophia at Constantinople )a t w as n othing of Mohammedan or Arabian architecture,8t yle. ° u 8'nally built as a church, and is in the Byzantine

8t °ne. rn {l s fi Ues ar e square buildings, generally constructed ofMtl, . e ‘ore the oV,;..c n.- - —.- -.*■- J

^pportefi by mai : blepill ; u ; s _

j tl °Sq Ue J^selves before they go into the mosque^ iner e is a great number nf Inmrw ? nrnl

Wb^-e the chief gate there is a square court pavedSa bnp». e , rnar ' J le ; and low gall eries round it, whose roof''W?,° rte d by mnrtilp „;u„™ 8 t„ .... 'r-.-i-

In these galleries the TurksIn each

tv),

>g m an VM3 18 a g l ‘eat number of lamps ; and between theseicli, cr ystal rings, ostrich’s eggs, and other curiosities,l awf ® a d'e lamps are lighted, make a fine show. As it

■'ich,

t -myri.l , *■ O 7 ” *

b . fs are C ° enter ^‘e mosque with stockings on, the pave-' :lf| g wj^ Cov ered witli pieces of stuff sewed together, eachb° stl 'ate m'oiigh to hold a row of men kneeling, sitting, orap 1 6ti iy j n j e women are not allowed to enter the mosque,lin 8 ' x hirrli 16 P orc des without. About every mosque thereas 6 °Pen° *q' v ? rs ’ ca fied minarets, each of which lias three

, v - „ ai.v.ua • ivwcio, <*o wen

‘«g ;v, 1( ? 0s 1 , l UP -s ! are’covered with lead, and adorned with gild-7 e tWi er ornaments, and from thence, instead of a bell,f °r th a . ple a re called to prayers by certain officers appointedKl v , Pur P°3e. Most of the mosques have a kind ot hos-to them, in which travellers of what religion’ ^entertained three days. Each mosque lias also aVfl ddti lv ! arhe > which is the burying-place of its founders;

ia a tomb six or seven feet long, covered withNd h et or aa tin; at the ends of which are two tapers, anddig 8 r-ral seats for those who read the koran and prayhi ^Ol ? r U ’i of the deceased. See Moorish Architecture.

L ° cal ’ a continued or successive clian g° ot

' H y*nlL Absolute > tUe change of place in a moving body,a, nf any other motion.

5? by s Z* ENT > (from the French, ) in architecture, a termJ 4 1 Wl ' ite « to express the rise and fall, the advancewith other diversities of form, in the different

ries, one above another : these towers, as well

«tt 0 in o ne °?iers . The glaziers have two kinds ofdra Wn th Cast t ' le i ead into long rods, or canes,V e y h, ’ diis tl.p rou gfi the vice, in which the grooves are'ties v°*fid tlir. ^ ®°metimes call ingot-mould. In the other,W b rnnJ mose little pi ece s -* -j -

V 0i

8t Ci ich are fastened

to the iron bars of case-

3 h

Mould , among masons, a piece of hard wood, or iron, hol-lowed on the edge, answerable to the contours of the mould-ings or cornices, &c., to be formed. It is otherwise calleda caliber ; and is made to a section of the«stone intended to becut. The ends, or heading-joints, being formed as in a cor-nice by means of the mould, the intermediate parts are wroughtdown by straight-edges, or circular templets, according as thework is straight or circular upon the plan.

When the intended surface is required to be very exact, areverse mould is used, in order to prove the work, by apply-ing the mould in a transverse direction to the arrises.

MOULDS , among plumbers, the tables on which they casttheir sheets of lead ; sometimes called simply tables. Besidesthese, they have others, in which they cast pipes, withoutsoldering.

MOULDINGS, in architecture, prismatic or annular solids,formed by plane and curved surfaces, and employed as orna-ments.

All parallel sections of straight mouldings, all the sectionsof annular mouldings, made by a plane at the same inclinationto the axis, and, in general, all sections of mouldings made bya plane perpendicular to any one of the arrises, are similarfigures. Mouldings are divided into two classes, or kinds ;Grecian and Roman.

Grecian mouldings are formed of some conic section, as aportion of the ellipsis or hyperbola; and sometimes even ofa straight line, in the form of a chamfer.

Roman mouldings have their sections composed of the arcsof circles, the same moulding having the same curvaturethroughout.

In both Grecian and Roman mouldings, their species isdetermined by the position of their extremities, or the cir-cumstance of their being concave or convex : if the sectionbe a semicircle projecting from a vertical diameter, the mould-ing is called an astragal, bead, or torus.

If the moulding be convex, and its seetion the quarter ofa circle, or less, and if one extremity project beyond the other,that is, approach nearer to the eye than the other, it is termeda Roman ovolo ; and if this Roman ovolo project equal to itsheight, and the portion employed be the quadrant of a circle,it is then called a quarter round. If the section of a mould-ing be concave, but in all other respects the same as the last,it is denominated a cavetto.

If the section of a moulding he partly concave and partlystraight, the straight part being vertical and a tangent to theconcave part, and the concavity equal to, or less than thequadrant of a circle, the moulding is denominated an apophyge,scape, spring, or conge: this is used in the Ionic and Corin-thian orders for joining the bottom of the shaft to (die base,as well as to connect the top of the fillet to the shaft underthe astragal.

If the section be one part concave and the other convex,and so joined as to have the same tangent, the moulding isnamed a cymatium ; but Vitruvius calls all crowning or uppermembers cymatiums, whether they resemble the one nowdescribed or not.

If the upper projecting part of the cymatium be a concave,it is called a sima-recta ; this is generally the crowning mem-ber of cornices, but is seldom found in other situations, excepton pedestals or altars.

If the upper projecting part of the cymatium be convex,it is called a sima-reversa, and is the smallest in any compo-sition of mouldings, its office being to separate the largermembers. Though seldom used as a crowning memberof cornices, it is frequently employed with a small filletover it, as the upper member of architraves, capitals, andimposts.

i