PAL
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PAL
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Pilfe e ! ""Pei-ial winter-palace at St. Petersburgh was a vast•he *’y the Italian architect Rastrelli , in the reign of
quay ot v’?' ,s Elizabeth, of most imposing aspect towards thestyl e le ^ BVa > but exceedingly heavy and grotesque as to
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bie. S e Jp 1 .?* 18 as bave been the sums expended upon many of°f a r ' 11CBS > every one of them falls very short of the ideal’“‘ory . , palace «' in which, if anywhere, not only all the^'fixity- P om P of architecture, but a certain colossalacc °ni u l- ) i as P B ct, should present itself. This can never be^ s Pluy !| ' ei ^ ' v bere stories above stories are allowed to''''chite* :m selves externally. That is but a vulgar species’Ptiltipu ec . tura ^ grandeur which is produced by a numericalNd,.^ 10 " kittle parts and features. All the roomsb> 0 ulj or 'be accommodation of an extensive household* <!| i° r > h">' Ulne< ^ towards inner courts, and the whole ex-
windows aboveunrestrained display
Ip 6 t^und a g ° nly a sin S Ie ran § e of loftyarciiit < *'” 00 '’ should be left for thell 0y int et . eC ^ Ule > an( l sculpture upon a noble scale, withoutC ° llv enie >lllXture littlenesses. By such a disposition, too,biua a j. would perhaps be found far better consulted9l, d statg Sent > because, while all the apartments for officiallllic ted to(, leCe l >t ' ons an< l court entertainments could be con-y e ° e !b er > the whole of the vast number of subordinate' v 'tliin t |V u 'red in such a habitation would be concentrated^tir^ ^ general plan, and at the same time might be keptJ ,|, 'er ra'a^'b by means of galleries between the outer andand° S ’ < : ornruui >icating at intervals with lesser vesti-lllt ! priv a( . Sta ' rcases attached to the suites of lesser roomsb‘ALypo r pP :u ' tlnents of every description.
,l, orig (j b hA, or Palestra, (from the Greek 7 ru\ut-/j«)a,, di e Xer anc ient Greeks, a public building, where theo' ts ’ &c ' Se< * ’■bemselves in wrestling, running, playing at
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t| Cri, hitny f ay Ihe palestra consisted of a college and an
h!? 8 ® ofY e one for exercises of the mind, the .other for
He,® 8 ' 1 ’* to l^ 6 b 0( ly. But most authors rather take the
> ,°*'Hhio f ea x ystus, or mere academy for bodily exercises,a \u. _o to tlie -• ' - -
■... etymology of the word, which comes ftom&1 'ti es( l%, one of the chief exercises among the
t0 12 ^ geometrical paces ; and hence the name
^ALatw Riven t0 the arena whereon they ran.
v, INK BRIDGE, a bridge of ancient Rome , now
^Sein Gary’s bridge, which crosses over from theff tt,‘ -?bur ( .h 'f n. ■ - - - ‘
of the palastra was marked out by stadia,
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ter
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in
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But another inundation sweeping awayl °98, it has never since been repaired, so as to
=<* of 7 Vrom the Latin palm) a little P° inte f fke, or
, hAu'o 00d > used in making enclosures, separation ,
k e( e ' n t-Ue gr 0 " l " I j ES ’ ' n carpentry, rows of stakes driven
. lji,'r, ot hci- to ma ke wooden bridges over rivers, andettihces on.
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\ s, ® ^'e b ',' J
'° be : g ) n 5 s or linings of walls : thus a chamberpaled with oWL
e ^y»\Cv ale<1 witl * clotlTof gold, with silk, &c., whenVaginal 0 f or stuffs of two colours. Hence also
h. a e word pale, a stake, &c.
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Teriullian observes, that the Romans planted pales toserve as boundaries of inheritances ; and that they con-secrated them to the god Terminus, under the name of PahTerminates.
Ovid tells us, they were crowned and adorned with flowers,festoons, &c., and that the god was worshipped before thesepales. See Terminalia.
Pales for building, serve to support the beams which arelaid across them, from one row to another ; and are stronglybound together with cross pieces. See Piles.
PALETTE (French ) among painters, a little oval table,or piece of wood, or ivory, very thin and smooth ; on andround which the painters place the several colours they haveoccasion for, to be ready for the pencil.
The middle serves to mix the colours on, and to make theteints required in the work. It has no handle, but a hole atone end, to put the thumb through to hold it.
PALING, in agriculture, a kind of fence-work for fruit-trees &c., planted in exposed places.
It consists of three small posts driven into the ground, ata foot and half distance, with cross bars nailed to each other,near the top.
In fixing the pales in form of a triangle, room is to beleft for the tree to play and bow by the high winds, withoutgalling. The trees are to be bound to a stake for a year ortwo ; after which fern or straw may be stuffed in betweenthe tree and uppermost rails, to keep it upright.
If the place be open to deer, rabbits, or the like, a post isto be nailed to the bar between every two pales.
Paling Fence, that sort of fence which is constructedwith pales.
PALISADE (French) or Pai.isado (Italian ) in fortifica-tion, an enclosure of stakes or piles driven into the ground,each six or seven inches square, and nine or ten feet long;three feet of which are hid under ground. They are fixedabout six inches asunder, and braced together by piecesnailed across them near the tops, and secured by thick postsat the distance of every four or five yards.
Palisades are placed in the covert-way, at three feet from,and parallel to, tiie parapet or ridge of the glacis, to secureit from being surprised. They are also used to fortify theavenues of open forts, gorges, half-moons, the bottoms ofditches, the parapets or covered ways ; and, in general, allposts liable to surprise, and to which the access is easy.
Palisades are usually planted perpendicularly ; thoughsome make an angle inclining towards the ground next theenemy, that the ropes cost over them, to tear them up,may slip.
Palisades , Turning, are an invention of M. Coehorn, inorder to preserve the palisades of the parapet of the covert-way from the besiegers’ shot.
These palisades are so arranged that as many of them asstand in the length of a rod, or in about ten feet, turn upand down like traps ; so as not to be in sight of the enemytill they just bring on their attack ; and yet are always readyto do the proper service of palisades.
PALLADIAN ARCHITECTURE. A style of Italian Architecture introduced by Palladio , for an account of whichsee Italian Architecture, and the following article.
PALLADIO , ANDREA, in biography, a celebratedItalian architect, horn at Vicenza in 1518. He obtainedinstructions from the poet Trissino, who discovering in hima genius for sculpture and the arts connected with it, taughthim the elements of the mathematics, and explained to himthe works of Vitruvius . lie soon obtained distinction as anarchitect, and having an opportunity of accompanying hispatron to Rome , lie employed all his faculties in examining
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