PL I
311
PL U
' 0 Han
^ativ „ a< l u eduets were lined with this plastering, and endured1..1 3 ages wtn—. >.. i- i ..•! . ° •. -i ■
H,
ierp r ' Wl thout hurt, unless by accidents : witness thatFont d e p fne yards are still to be found on the top of the^'-lebrnf , a, ^> near Nismes, for the support of which thatThe rn p bridge was built to carry water to the said town,fed f -°f bouses, and the floors of rooms, at Yenice, are
cov ered
etl ou»L Wlt b a sort of plaster, of later date, atid yet strongo^® 11 tor-' - r - - - - J n
w ack‘ en< ^ ure t ' le sun an( l weather for several ages, witli-tr °d Up on ' n ^ or spoiling, and without much injury from being
^of preparing this Venetian plaster is not amongstuneg mi wor tb while to try whether such a sub-
tly oy '®bt not be made by boiling the powder of gypsumaa d ^hen t - fire ( fpr il will boil in the manner of water) ;1 ’ e sin j 0r n V 1 ' 8 boiling or recalcining is over, mixing with it"'e Powd^' 10 ' 1 ’ or both together, with common sulphur, and'vat e , er sea-shells. If these were all mixed together,ar e tin .1 ^jded to it hot, and the matter all kept upon the
0l >h,
ot . Ins tant of its being used, so, that it might be laid
r. ’ U '3 Do Sa ;m Q •_u. °
Possible this secret might be hit upon.bej n „ °f turpentine may be also tried as additions ;
, av e aetjQ 1 " ^*6 common ingredients in such cements that weUlr ect e( j t - n ^ a - °f as the firmest. Strong ale-wort iSj by some,
«t 0 ,
'he
; 'o be
rnore than ordinary strength.
' n e of S' ue us 6d instead of water, to make mortar of lime-mm.„ *>-- , it is possible that
. w.uiiiuij' auciigin. it to poooiuio uut
of tb; 0 ^" l b' 3 tenacious liq.uor to the powdered ingre-
0l i , lity an !'® Propos
l^&brmness.
?„ Uc bt„ B AND, am
s proposed plaster, might greatly add, to their
See Cement, Mortar, and Stucco .exc e 'j'Y"’ an y square moulding, whose heightn l ar * arch' * tS P r °jecture. Such are the faces, or fascise,°' a ice. l l r ave, and the platbands of the modillions of a
' V °n B /asc'^ an ^ ' S ' s ’g n *fie.d> in Vitruvius and others, by the^Jb.ATg^ 0 ’ t( enia, and c,orsa,
pi re that^ ° F A ^oor or Window, is used for the lintel,brands - 18 Iruu ' e square, or not much arched. TheseJ lv ’ e a Usua by crossed with bars of iron, when they
iV 8 of a- ^ ear >ng ; but it is much better to ease them byuls oharg ’
1,16 fludn^ 118
ge built over them.
^ -un,, f °? Flutings, are the lists , or fillets, betweenbg L A'l'b' of cobimns.
ta ,tS . ? teri p applied generally to those horizontal tim-
J n ' a g otb '. n .^ r ’ c ^> Of pther walls, for the purpose of sus-p e ’ &c. t ' m bers, &c.: thus we have wall-plate, gutter-
I La l ' E S G g ASS ’ see
'S A ' r FoS T ’ the sam
, of _ >1, a row of beams, which support the timber-ed lie at tl " '
be raised.
Grass.see Ground-sii.l.same as soflnt. See Soffit.
1)3 a ro 0 f • , ,_ ,,_ ......
p 0 Ual,f ant ^ be at the top of the wall where the enta-
°Pen w n S ° use b f°V a kind of terrace, or broad,e difl 6c ? °f the a- at Ble to P a building, w'hence a fair?t t Q Ce *s g a j d a ojacent country may be taken. Hence ana nd i lils 0 ^ e . c °vered \yith a platform, when it is flatfile j- c ° v ered a n ° r ‘dge. Most of the Oriental buildings arer 3t atv._’ s ^Vere all those of the ancients. Ctesar was
»n
% at pon^ i ,cre au 110
>r ' ,,, ’bh a e Fomans who procured leaye to build hisn (ylNTiq ( r S ® or Pinnacle.
to, „ V rpm ttX^Ooc, a brich), a flat square member,
lot . - -
tb l1
'sat
r tn
of.
brick :
18 " Se d ag"'* 1 , : S0I netimes, also, called the slipper.
s QUaro . , le ^ 00t > or foundation of columns ; being
fni 1 table - •• • *-• _ .
. row V a t th.
botti
under the mouldings of the base and
OOt
eep tb V. uv,us > lo nave oeen originauy m-e bottom of the primitive wooden pillars
| The plinth is also called the orle or orlo. And Vitruvius calls the Tuscan abacus, plinth, from its resembling a squarebrick.
Plinth of a Statue , &c., a base or stand, flat, round, orsquare, serving to support a statue, &c.
Plinth of a Wall , a term for two or three rows ofbricks advancing out from the wall ; or, in general, for anyflat high moulding, serving in a front wall to mark thefloors, or to sustain the eaves of a wall, and the larmier of achimney.
PLOTTING, among surveyors, the art of describing, orlaying down on paper, &c., the several, angles and lines of atract of ground surveyed by a theodolite, or like instrument,and a chain.
In surveying with the plain-table, the plotting is needless;the several angles and distances being laid down on the spot,as fast as they are taken. But in working with the theodo-lite, semicircle, or circumferentor, the angles are taken indegrees, and the distances in chains and links ; so that thereremains a subsequent operation, to reduce those numbers intolines, and thence to form a draught, plan, or map. Thisoperation is called plotting.
Plotting is performed by means of two instruments, theprotractor and plotting-scale. By the first, the severalangles observed in the field with a theodolite, or the like,and entered down in degrees in the field-book, are protractedon paper in their just quantity. By. the latter, the severaldistances, measured with the chain, arid) entered down, in likemanner, in the field-book, are laid down in their just pro-portion.
Plotting-scale, a mathematical instrument, used in plot-ting grounds, usually of box-wood, sometimes of brass, ivory,or silver, either a foot or half a foot long, and about an inchand a half broad.
On one side of the instrument are seven several scales orlines, divided into equal, parts. The first; division of thefirst scale is subdivided into ten equal parts, to which is pre-fixed the number 10, signifying that ten of those subdivisionsmake an inch ; or that the division of that scale are decimalsof inches.
The first division of the second scale is likewise subdividedinto 10, to which is prefixed the number 16, denoting thatsixteen of those subdivisions make an inch. The first divisionof the third scale is subdivided, in like manner, into 10, towhich is prefixed the number 20. To that of the fourthscale is prefixed the number 24 ; to that of the fifth, 30;that of the sixth, 40 ; and that of the seventh, 48 ; denotingthe number of subdivisions equal to an inch, in each respec-tively. The two last scales are broken off before theend, to give room for two lines of chords, marked by theletters c c.
On the other side of the instrument is a diagonal scale,the first of whose divisions, which' is an inch long, if thescale be a foot, and half an inch, if half a foot, is subdivideddiagonally into 100 equal parts ; and at the other end of thescale is another diagonal subdivision, of half the length ofthe former, into the same number of parts, viz., 100.
Next the scales is a line divided into hundredth-parts of afoot, numbered 10, 20, 30, &c., and a line of inches subdi-vided into tenths, marked 1, 2, 3, &c.
PLUG AND FEATHER, or Key and Feather, amethod of dividing hard stones, described at length in thearticle Eddystone Lighthouse .
PLUGS, pieces of timber driven perpendicularly into awall, with the projecting part sawn away, so as to be flushwith the face.