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RES

362

RES

Relievo also denotes the sally, or projecture, of any archi-tectural ornament.

This, Daviler observes, is always to be proportioned to themagnitude of the building it adorns, and the distance atwhich it is to be viewed. If the work be insulate, and ter-minated on all sides, it is called a figure in relievo, or a roundembossment. Such are statues, acroters, &c.

Relievo , in painting, denotes the degree of force, orboldness, by which a figure seems, at a due distance, tostand out from the ground of the painting, as if really em-bossed.

The relievo depends much on the depth of the shadow, andthe strength of the light; or on the light of the differentcolours bordering on each other; and particularly on the differ-ence of the colour of the figure from that of the ground.

When the light is well chosen, to make the nearest partsof figures advance ; and well diffused on the masses, still| diminishing insensibly, and terminating in a large spaciousshadow, brought off insensibly ; the relievo is said to be bold,j and the claire obscure, well understood.

RENAISSANCE, that style which arose in the arts ingeneral, and also in architecture, by the attempt made torevive classic taste upon the decline of the Gothic system.This revival was commenced in Italy in the latter part of thefourteenth century, by Brunelleschi , and still further deve-loped by his successors, amongst whom may be mentionedAlberti, Brainante, Michael Angelo Bonarotti, Palladio, &c.The Gothic style had never been fully developed, norobtained a secure footing, in Italy ; and hence the classicstyles were revived without difficulty, and with greater suc-cess than in those countries where the Gothic had beenfully established ; and although even in Italy the latter styledoes not seem to have disappeared immediately—for we seein many buildings an admixture of the two—still the strugglefor pre-eminence was not so great, or of so long continuance,as in other countries. In Italy , the classic principles wereat once introduced in the constructive and essential parts ofthe building, and the Gothic only retained in matters ofdetail; whereas in other places the contrary practice occur-red—that is to say, the change took place gradually by theintroduction or substitution of classic details upon buildingsessentially Gothic, until at last the classic predominatedboth in essentials and accessories. See Italian and TudokArchitecture.

RELIQUARY, a casket of wood, metal, or stone, fre-quently enriched with precious stones, &c., for the purposeof preserving reliques.

RENDERING, in building, see Pargeting and Plas-tering .

REPAIRING of large walls, doors, ceilings, coverings,&c., belongs to the proprietor, or landlord: the tenant is onlycharged with small repairs, or glass windows, locks, &c., bythe Erench called locative repairs.

REREDOS , the ornamental screen, or other decorativework, of whatever kind, employed to enrich the wall at theback of the aliar.

RESERVOIR (French ), a large pond or pen of water,artificially made, in order to retain and collect it for the useof canals, rivers, mills, &c.

In a building, the reservoir is a large bason, usually ofwood, lined with lead, where water is kept to supply theoccasions of the house. Large reservoirs are frequentlyconstructed of cast-iron.

The reservoir is sometimes, also, a large bason of strongmasonry, clayed or paved at the bottom, where the water isreserved to feed jets d'eau, or spouting fountains.

RESISTANCE, or Resisting Force, any power that

acts in opposition to another, so as to destroy ° rits effect.

Of resistance there are several kinds,various natures and properties of the resisting^

the

arising a tid

governed by various laws : as the resistance oi

,i

resistance of fluids, the resistance of the air, &c. ea „-Resistance of Solids, the force with which .Scont^ 005parts of solid bodies oppose the motion of others cto them. , r esi 9t '

Of this there are two kinds. The first, where ; e scei*ing and the resisted parts, i. e. the moving ana q ^b erebodies, are only contiguous, and do not cohere > J *they constitute separate bodies or masses.

I his is what M. Leibnitz calls resistance of t ^

but which is now more commonly denominated / rl . .jog aDThe second case of resistance is where the re3 ( .. g> »r eresisted parts are not only contiguous, but cohere,parts of the same continued body or mass. , ; c ]j taF® 3

To which we may also add, the resistance w c on taC ’place between surfaces of solids, when completely reg j g taO cthough not forming one and the same body; or tnthey offer to separation. g fh e0 f

Resistance of the Fibres of Solid Bodi ’ gnC y “of the. To form an idea of this resistance or r ® rt ; ca lly *7the parts, suppose a cylindrical body suspended . ’

one end. Here all its parts, being heavy, ten ] an es, wh e ^and endeavour to separate the two contiguous p sep 9 ’^the body is the weakest; but all the parts resis hof ation by the force with which they cohere, or^ . t

together. Here,"then"

weight of the j ’ are two opposite powers; mf °rceofcoheslni>t er ’ which to break it; Jf

the base of the cvlinrf 6 P ? rtS ’ resists the fracturm , (9

length, it i s evident the ^ ? ncreased > without > ncreas ;n Vevident the resistance will be increased >«

- ■ increases > n -

JV ig vmuviu urn ivgigvuuw

same ratio as the base ; but the weight also c yj; n cle rS

that

use 9 "' of

1#

may

the'same^inatt'Jr 6nC j » * -idem, _have an equal ' en gth, whatever their bases

. But if the Wf/of Ti^ Really suspended.increasing its has./-, - >e cylinder be increased, w . t .

once, or°strenm f’ J ‘ S W ?’S h ‘ » increased, while the** „weakened by its addkT'Tf the Same : conseqiieiit'y> deJ)C y

to break. 7 dd t,onal len gth, and has a greater ten

may have to breakSE*® 8 * l6 ” gth “ c ^ inder °\Tle ^ 1> . .^/th its own weight, it is only 11 or

sufficient to break , [lie- :• for the lengt e „ U (d

, weight mpy )ift a <jdi'

th the >

to know what weight is justcylinder of the same base and matter :required cylinder must be such, that its >>“-o w j t j, .joi’-to the weight of the first cylinder, toget sep® 1 .^ a

tional weight that was employed in producing (a uyi e

If one end of the cylinder were fixed o j r® slS pyJ . —-ht ai br0 Jce ,

wall, and the rest suspended thence, its wel ? jf jt bewould then act in a different manner: an _ , _ „i

the action of its weight, the rupture would be^ ^ -1’ A circle, or plane, cont.g^, ert ic

*»•- i,.,,, a „d consequently. M

at

th e

to

e n u

th®

fixed into the wall,

wall, and parallel to the base, - .. le

would be detached from the contiguous o’ ^plane of the wall, and would descend. , ^ x, at nete]'>

cle vVl „ t ioH 'mo^nich

PeHor aed on the’;™* W0UIa

remains immovable extr emity of the diame^-,

a quadrant 0 f a cirri tlle upper extremity d s yVli sertmal, becomes hor. 6 ’ an , d the circle, which he - te \ybroken. es ^zontal; l e . till the cylinder be ^

have acted ,‘ he finder, it is evident, that°f the cylinder wl • i ” 6 )as ov ercome the other: the

come the resistannl' C \ arose from «« whole mass, ha (l0ce which arose from the largeness