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bott n CUre the lantern, horizontal braces are fixed from the°f the lantern to the middle of the principal bracesj°ggl es > 80 that the whole is resolved into triangles,sh 0 , ar e all immoveable at the angles. The wall-plates1$» „ framed as the ribs of a dome constructed as in the

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0on st en , a dome is to support a heavy cupola of stone, such aH a „ r ^ c tion as that of the cathedral of St. Paul’s, London ,, e employed. Figure 3, No. 1, exhibits the truss of

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'® e > taken from accurate measurement, A. a a A, a°t brick, two bricks thick, which, as it rises every fiver 0 as a course of strong bricks 18 inches long, bonding^ks 1 t ' le w ^°' e thickness, b b b b is a cone, built withCUpoi * f°°t 6 inches in thickness, for supporting the heavya Hfi * a hove, of Portland stone, which is 21 feet in diameter,tile | ar 61 feet high, and also the timber-work of the dome.t° t a °rizontal, or hammer-beams, c c, &c.,are curiously tiedth e e Cor bels, D, d, d, &c., with iron cramps, bedded intow ith lead, and bolted to the hammer-beams. No. 2ke atB Attire particularly the manner of tying the hammer-tlii t0 cor hels.

a te ^' s dome is boarded from the base upwards, and the ribsSd in e J ef °re fixed horizontally, having their sides in planesh f 0r ® to the centre of the dome. The contour of the domekite a . °f two circular segments, which meet in the axisPointed arch. The scantlings of the curve rib of thet re 10 inches by 11-| at the bottom, and 6 inches by 6has a very strong double iron chain, linkedftai ag 5 at the bottom of the cone, and several other lessVa et ween that and the cupola. This dome was turned® v et-y gf Centre > supported without standards from below. Asa 8e s

6| 3g es 0r y of the scantling was circular, and the ends of the? lj |>p 0rt ^ eetin g I’he so many rings, and truly wrought, ittejQ .** Itself ; and as it was both centering and scaffolding,"[elv e ^ or the use of the painter, there being a space ofSa 'd, eet between it and the dome. This machine, it is4 d es S or lginal of its kind.

r f <le rg cri Ption of a dome constructed mainly of cast-ironf ^° u nd° Ver t ' le eathedral of St. Isaac, St. Petersburg , willpttlief . u **der the article Dome, to which we must refer forformation on the general subject, as well as to&ef' 0r °° 1 ’’ Faulting, Mechanical Carpentry, &c.t i n ,, c ‘ Jnc ludir | g this article, we must state that we are

th b’Vi j, e hted for the descriptions, &c. to Tredgold’s Car-le ii'uUg^ ^' Tansac tions of the Institution af Civil Engineers,llooj, l-’. an d other similar works.

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see Hipped Boop.ii!« v >tieinii. ' u rural economy, a

ri ciall~ ' J ’ 111 rurai economy, a word sometimes appliedb •' :s anv ^ to t * le rldge-cap of thatched roofs. It also sig-tj^ditig s ° rt °f material employed in forming the roof of aa eSs of r ’ 0 Whet her in the framework or covering. In the busi-D^ 8 Ss ar °hng f arm or 0 tjj er buildings, the chief circumstance^ Wen to he attended to, is that of tying the two side-plat eg t0 ^ et her, and in a safe manner, by means of thest;iph are hinding-beams ; especially in those erectionsoq arif) °i the longer kind, without any cross-walls to

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g g or Want of attention to these matters that farm-

hij I ' ier al 1 u'V 811 PP 0r t them. It has been remarked, that it is

as well as those of other sorts, are so frequently/■Sq with shores and buttresses ; or fallen to the

>t f ' e a nd e r a centur y sooner, perhaps, than they would havety^Sht, j a better and more judicious management. Andev er dee 6> to be a general principle, or line of conduct,J a , Care ^ and intelligent manager should follow inil)» to t j Ca buildings ;—a principle which is equally appli-15 ’'^Whi\° t .^ er P art s, as well as the timber and the cover-11 18 i that of sparing no requisite expenditure, as a

few shillings, or pounds, of additional cost in the first instance,may be the saving of ten times the sum in the end.

In the work of repairing buildings of this nature, theroofing claims equally the regard of the manager, with thefoundations and other external parts. But the inside works,in all cases, more commonly and properly demand the noticeof the occupiers.

ROOM, see Apartment, and Building.

BOSE, an ornament applied to the centre of each side ofthe abacus of the Corinthian capital.

ROSE WINDOW, a circular window, divided into lightsby mullions or tracery branching from the centre, and dis-posed in a variety of different patterns. Windows of thiskind are also termed Catherine-wheel and marigold windows.

ROSTRUM (Latin , signifying a bird’s beak, or the prowof a ship), a part of the Roman forum, wherein orations,pleadings, funeral harangues, &c.,were delivered.

The rostrum was a kind of chapel taken out of the forum,and furnished with a suggestum, or eminence, called moreparticularly the rostrum, where the orators stood to speak.

It was adorned, or, as Livy says, built, with the beaks ofships taken from the people of Antium, in a naval engage-ment ; whence the name.

There were two kinds of rostra ; rostra vetera and rostranova. The latter was erected by Augustus , and decoratedwith the prows of vessels which he took at the battle ofActium . The first were those already described.

ROTONDO, or Rotunda (from the Latin rotundus, round),a popular term for any building that is round both withinand without, whether it be a church, hall, saloon, vestibule,or the like.

The most celebrated rotondo of antiquity is the Pantheon at Rome, dedicated to Cybele and all the gods, by Agrippa ,son-in-law of Augustus ; but since consecrated, by popeBoniface IY., to the Virgin and all the saints, under the titleof Sta, Maria della Rotondo.

The chapel of the Escurial , which is the burying-plaee ofthe kings of Spain , is also a rotondo ; and, in imitation ofthat of Rome, is also called Pantheon .

ROUGH-CAST, or Rough-Casting, see Plastering .

ROUND CHURCH, this appellation is given to a fewchurches which exist of a peculiar construction, being erectedon a plan either simply circular, or circular with a rectangu-lar projection : the circular portion in both cases being thatwhich forms its peculiarity. There are only four such struc-tures in England—the Temple Church, London , which is thelargest and most magnificent; the Church of the HolySepulchre at Cambridge ; one with the same dedication atNorthampton ; and a small church at Little Maplestead, inEssex . In all these, the round or circular portion bearsevidence of greater antiquity than the other parts of theedifice; and there can be no doubt but that the latter aremore recent additions to the original structure, which for themost part are employed as a choir, the circular part beingretained as the nave. The round consists generally of two,sometimes of three stories, the upper stories being of lessdiameter than the lower one, and supported on massive piersand arches of Norman-work, by which an aisle is formed allround the interior, between the arcade and the external wall:above the arcade is a triforium, and above this again a clere-story, the roof above being vaulted.

It was at one time held that such buildings had been origi-nally constructed by the Jews for synagogues; but this mistakeis now exploded, and it is universally allowed that they werebuilt by the Knights Templars, or Hospitallers , who were en-gaged in the Crusade to recover possession of the Holy Sepul-chre at Jerusalem out of the hands of the infidels, and that the