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their longest dimension in the heart of the work, perpen-dicular to the surface, are termed headers or through-bricks.

STRETCHING COURSE, in walling, a course of stones,or bricks, laid with their longest dimensions in a horizontalline parallel to the face of the wall : it is exactly the con-trary of a heading course, where the breadths of the stones,or bricks, are laid in a straight line parallel to the face ofthe wall.

STRIDE (Latin ), the fillets or rays which separate thefurrows, or grooves, of fluted columns.

STRIGES (from the Latin striga, a ridge), the channelsof a fluted column.

STRIKING, Sticking, or Running a Moulding, injoinery, is the shaving away the superfluous part of the wood,till the section be of the required figure.

Striking is also applied to the drawing of lines by thesquare on the face of a piece of stuff for mortises, and cut-ting the shoulders of tenons, &c.

Striking is also used for the drawing of lines on the sur-face of a body.

Striking a Centre, the removal of the centre after thecompletion of the arch it had supported during the building,and during the time necessary for the mortar to consolidate.

STRING-BOARD, in wooden stairs, a board placed nextto the well-hole, and terminating the ends of the steps. Theface of string-boards follows the direction of the well-hole,whether it be prismatic or an inverted cone. String-boardsare sometimes glued in several thicknesses, with the fibres ofthe wood running in the direction of the steps ; sometimesthey are wrought out of the solid, like a hand-rail, the grainof the wood being in the same direction ; and they are some-times also glued up like columns, viz., having the fibres ver-tical. Brackets are most frequently placed upon the string-boards, and mitred into the risers.

String-Course, a narrow continuous horizontal mouldingor plat-band, projecting slightly from the face of the wall.

String-Piece, the piece, or pieces, of timber, put underthe flying steps of a wooden stair, for their support, andcovered with the lath and plaster forming the soffit of thestair.

STRIX, (Latin, ) a channel in a fluted column.

STRUCK, an architectural expression, when anything ofa temporary kind is taken away, which had been used for thesupport of some part of the building during its erection ; asthe centre of a vault, &c. See Striking.

STRUTS, in a truss, are one or more pair of obliquestraining-pieces, each pair tending and pressing to a pointbelow either of their extremities, and making equal angleswith the horizon, though in contrary directions. Every strutis a brace ; but every brace is not a strut. Braces may meeton either side of their extremities, above or below them ; butstruts only meet or tend to the same point downwards, asalready defined.

Struts occur most frequently in roofs, and braces in parti-tions. Braces, when they occur in roofs, are called principalbraces, auxiliary rafters, cushion rafters, or dischargingbraces : when they occur in the same frame, they are usedin opposition to each other ; though it would be as well tohave a separate term to express the idea of braces when theymeet upwards, as, in this way, there could be no ambiguityof expression.

STRUTTING BEAM, or Strut Beam, a term used byold writers in carpentry, for what is now called strainingbeam, or collar beam.

Strutting Piece. See Straining Piece.

STUCCO , (from the French, estoc). See Cement, Mor-tar, and Plastering . I

posts? ^dtS-

.f

STUDS, (from the Saxon studer, a post,) the P'^quarters, in partitions, placed eleven or twelve m c g 0 nier'taut; the term is frequently used in London and m 0 ;setshire. The studs go also under the various nuprights and quarters, in London .

Stud Partitions, the same as quarter partitions.. 0 fStud Work, or Brick-Nogging, a wall c .°" slS use d inbrick-work, built between studs, or quarters, chiefly ^thin walls, or partitions, for greater strength thanbricks are used without studs. See Brick-Noggin 6 - . dieSTUFF, (from the Dutch , stofe,) a general termwood upon which joiners work.

STYLE, or Stile, the upright supports of a graD ? Yglo^STYLOBATE, the substructure of a classic temp^ ^ u ;]d-the base of the columns, or the platform on which 1 1 gte psing was elevated. This consisted either of a series ^iclicontinued all round the temple, or of a podium or vva >admitted of access to the temple at one end only. . age . jSUB-BASE, a second base below the first or tine 0 pSUBNORMAL, or Superrendicular, the distan^,^j a( .the axis between the foot of the ordinate and a perp eto the curve, or its tangent. . j th 6

In all curves, the subnormal is a third proportion.^ ^ c0I i-subtangent and the ordinate ; and in the parabola > aX is.starit quantity, being equal to half the parameter o , 0 nSUB-PLINTH, a plinth below the true pli ntn ’which the latter stands. orinc'P 8 *

Sub-Principals, the same as auxiliary rafters, or p

braces. _ coh ,BinS

SUMMER, a large stone, the first that is laid ove . tL at

- vault f I*

to make a cross

hollow, to receive the a * V , er a Piedroit, or column, is i, Svwzb, a lar ‘ ? haUnCe of a platband. .

I 1 )' ^’o stone piers n J Ce of ‘'“her, which being supportdow , &c. 1 ’ P° sts > serves as a lintel to a door,

Porting the ends of iV f niber fenon ed into a girder, for s»Pf‘he large beams of tS “ hotb sid *> of it The distinct*"disposed in exterior a ,f arcase floor is, that bressummers ar.and the summers rlL.v/ lV orders lie across the build*?:P e, 'pendicui; lr to Jj 6 t >6 floor in the middle, and are hgnders, or parallel to the bressummers.

’ —"G !n build

m

de

in

building

See

Summers are now seldom or never employed - . 3 eT ,Summer, is also a Warwickshire term for 8 ® n gome P. „Summer-House, a house situate in a garden, o ^ ^ re tii" °sant sequestered spot, on an estate, for the pu r P o f

to in the summer. # -

Summer-Tree, a beam full of mortisesjoists to lie in, and to which the girders are ^ Si

Bressummer and Girders. . „ 0 f tvV ° f e

SUNK SHELVES, have a groove, consisting oi)to prevent the plates from sliding off, when se up? el " C )i,SUPERCILIUM, in ancient Mchitecmre,^^^^

for the enframed

member of the cornice, called by the moderns, cu^ un de lor larmier. It is also used for a square meDupper torus, in some pedestals. thin 0, u P° n

SUPERSTRUCT, (Latin, ) to build one °other. . 0 f > h u '

SUPERSTRUCTURE, the upper portion ^ fl f

raised upon the foundations. rV e ' nS f iin eS

SUPPORTERS, images to bear up, or s ^ s0 meiposts, &c., in a building. The posts themse v a bo v ’ e

so called. ; m med> ate ^

SURBASE, the mouldings of a room,the base, with the dado between. . _ ^ Ting jts ®P

a*

,ring ing

3 oase, wmi the aaao Detween. , ^ gS jw -*•SURMOUNTED ARCH, that wl,l ^J lic u it is sW

line below the level of the centre from