OF F'O RE S T-T REE S. 93

planting and propagating Oziers, To omit nothing of the Culture ofCn.XIX.this useful Ozier, ‘Pliny would have the Place to be prepared by trench-ing it a Foot and half deep, and in that , to fix the Sets, or Cuttings ,of the same Length at six Foot interval. These (if the Sets belarge^will come immediately to be Trees ; which after the first three Years,are to be abated within two Foot of the Ground. Then in April headvises to dig about them: Some raise them abundantly, by layingPoles of them in a boggy Earth only: Of these they formerly madeVine-props, Juga, as Pliny calls them, for archwise bending andyoaking, as it were, the Branches to one another ; and one Acre hathbeen known to yield Props sufficient to serve a Vineyard of twenty-five Acres.

2.5. John Trade/cant brought a small Ozier from St.Omers inFlanders, which makes incomparable Net-works, not much inferiorto the Indian Twig, or Bent-works , which we have seen ; but if wehad them in greater abundance, we should haply want the Artificerswho could employ them, and the Dexterity to vernijh so neatly.

z 6 . Our common Salix, or Willow , is of two Kinds, the White and^ ^the Black : The White is also of two Sorts, the one of zyellowijh , thethe other of a browner Bark: The black Willow is planted of Stakes,of three Years Growth, taken from the Head of an old Tree, beforeit begins to sprout : Set them of fix Foot high, and ten distant ; asdirected for the Poplar. Those woody Sorts of Willow , delightin Meads and Flitch-fides, rather dry than over wet (for theylove not to wet their Feet, and last the longer) yet the black Sort, andthe reddijh , do sometimes well in more boggy Grounds, and would beplanted of Stakes as big as one’s Leg, cut as the other, at the Lengthof five or fix Foot or more into the Earth; the //o/e made with anoaken Stake and Beetle, or with an Iron Crow (some use a longAuger ) so as not to be forced in with too great Violence: But firstthe Trunchions should be a little sloped at both Extreams, and thebiggest planted downwards: To this, if they are soaked in Water twoor three Days (after they have been sized for Length , and the Twigscut off e er you plant them) it will be the better. Let this be done inFebruary , the Mould as well closed to them as possible, and treatedas was taught in the Poplar. If you plant for a Kind ot Wood, or Copse(for such I have seen) set them at six Foot Distance, or nearer, in theQuincunx, and be careful to take away all Suckers from them at three $ u , i (Years End: You may abate the Head half a Foot from the Trunk, viz.three or four of the lustiest Shoots, and the rest cut close, and bare l

them yearly, that the three, four or more you left may enjoy all theSap, and so those which were spared, will be gallant Pearches withintwo \ ears. Arms of four Years Growth will yield substantial Sets,to be planted at eight or ten Foot Distance; and for the first threeYears well defended from the Cattle, who infinitely delight in theirLeaves, green or withered. Thus a Willow may continue twenty orfive and twenty H-"r,xwith good Profit to the industrious Planter,being headed every four or five Years; some have been known tojhoot no less than twelve Foot in one Tear, after which, the old rottenDotards may he felled, and easily supplied. But if you have Groundfit for whole Copses ot this Wood, cast it into double Dikes, makingevery Fofs near three Foot wide, two and half in Depth ; then leav-ing four Foot at least of Ground for the Earth (because in such Plan-

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