OF FOREST-TREES. 97

them in plain Ground, without breaking the Surface, and laying it close toCn. XIX*the Sets', and therefore, if the Soil be moist, he digs a Trench by theSide of the Row, and applies the Mould which comes out of it about theSets; so that the Edge of the Bank, raised by it, may be somewhathigher than the Earth next the Set, for the better Descent of the Rain,and Advantage of watering the Sets in dry Weather; preventing like-wise their rooting in the Bank , which they would do if the Groundnext the Plant or Set were made high, and Hoped ; and being left un-fenced, Cattle would tread down the Bank, and lay the Roots bare: TheGround should therefore not be raised above two or three Inches towardsthe Body of the Set. Now if the Ground be dry, and want Moisture,he chuses to bank them round (as I have described in my ‘ Pomona,

Chap. vii.) the Fosses environing the Mound and Hillock , being Reservesfor the Rain, cools and refreshes the Sets.

He farther instances, That Willows of about twenty Years Growth,have been worth thirty Shillings, and another fold for three Pounds,which was well worth five Pounds; and affirms, that the Willows plant-ed in Beds, between double Ditches , in boggy Ground, may be fit tobe cut every five Years, and pay as well as the best Meadow-P astute,which is of extraordinary Improvement.

zj. There is a Sort of Willow of a slender and long Leaf, resemblingthe smaller Ozier ; but rising to a Tree as big as the Sallow , full ofKnots, and of a very brittle Spray, only here rehearsed to acknow-ledge the Variety.

2.8. There is likewise the Gardeu-Willow, which produces a sweetand beautiful Flower, fit to be admitted into our Hortulan Ornaments,,and may be set for Partitions of Squares ; but they have no Affinitywith other. There is also in Shropshire another very odoriferous Kind,extreamly fit to be planted by pleasant Rivulets , both for Ornamentand Profit : It is propagated by Cuttings or Layers, and will grow inany dry Bottom, so it be sheltered from the South , affording a won-derful and early Relief to the industrious Bee. VitrwVius commepdsthe Vitex of the Latines (impertinently called Agnus Cas us, the onebeing but the Interpretation of the other ) as fit for building ; I sup-pose they had a Sort of better Stature than the Shrub growing amongthe Curious with us, and which is celebrated for its chafe Effects, andfor which the Antients employed it in the Rites of Ceres : I rather thinkit more convenient for the Sculptor (which he likewise mentions) pro-vided we may, with safety, restore the Text, as Perrault has attempt-ed, by substituting Lavitatem for the Author’s Regiditatenf , stub-born Materials being not so fit for that curious Art.

x 9- What most of the former enumerated Kinds differ from the Sal- Uses.lows, is indeed not much considerable, they being generally useful forthe fame Purposes ; as Boxes , such as Apothecaries and Goldsmithsuse; for Cart-saddle-trees, yea Gun-stocks and Hals-pikes, Har-rows, Shoe-makers Lasts, Heels, Clogs for Pattens, Forks , Rakes ,especially the Tooths, which should be wedged with Oak ; but let themnot be cut for this when the Sap is stirring, because they will shrink •

Pearches, Rasters for Hovels , portable and light Laders, Hop-polesRicing of Kidney-beans, and for Supporters to Vines, when ourEnglijh Vineyards come more in Request : Also for Hurdles SivesLattices ; for the Turner, Kyele-pins, great Town-Tops - for Plat-ters, little Casks and Vefels, especially to preserve Verjuices in, the1 best