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C H A P. VI.

The Bones 7 Joints y and Muscles.

j. y Have lately seen in France part of an Humane Sceleton, consitiing of T ;, e Bones c f *y the Os Ilium, the Os Sacrum , the 5 Vertebra of the Loyns, 10 ot the Sctietm United,Back, 5 entire Ribs on the Righc side, and ; on the Lest; the bottoms or Tr CanulgeT^cnds of the other were clolely umted to the transiersc Apophyses of their Ver - D >- B ei n Cou -tebra ; The Vertebra of the Neck, the Clavicula and Sternum were wanting. p“ r j“‘ ll} 'All thesc Bones, which naturally are 3 8 each leparate and distinct from ano-ther, were here so straightly and intimately joyned, their Ligaments per-fectly Bony, and their Articulations so tftaced, that they really made butone uniform continuous Bone; so that it was as easie to break one ofthe Vertebra into two, as to dif-joynt or separate it from the otherVertebra, or the Ribs , or the Os Sacrum from those of the Ilia. Nor couldI observe any greater Distinction between ali the Bones, than is usually seenin Adult Persons between the Os Pubis, the Ijchion and Ilium, which are butone entire Bony Subflance. The Roots of ali the Ribs made but one cqual,smooth, and plain Superficies with the Vertebra and their Apophyses. TheObilque Apophyses of all the Vertebra were so confounded and lost, that itwas not poslible to observe any marks of them. The Cartilagineous Edgeof the Vertebra themselves was turned to perfect Bone. But when I hadSaw’d two of the Vertebra asunder at the Commissure, I found this Uniting -did not enter above two Lines deep, and that afterwards their middles-were Separated as they usoally are, and touched each other only at theedges, which was raiftd up a little above the middle part. On the Lestside at half a Finger’s breadth from the Vertebra, two Ribs were joyn’d to-gether for theSpace of an Inch, and aster ward run separated and parrallellike the rest, to the Sternum. The Figure cf this Trunk was crooked, andmaking part of a Circle, the Spina making the Convex, and the inside ofthe Vertebra the Concave part of this Segment. The direction of the Ribswas unnatural, for instead of terminating at the Sternum in parallel Semicir-cles nearly Horizontal, their Extremities, where they reached the Sternum ,dipp’d so much down toward the Hypcgaßrium, as to touch the sides of theOJJa litum.

This Trunk had been found in forne Church-yard or Charnel-House, asappeared by it’s dark red Colour and Dryness, and ftemed to be of a grownPerson, the Bones beirg of a Proportion and Thickness cqual to those otOld Men. The Vertebra of the Loyns were larger than those of the Back,as they Naturally are ; there was no unnatural Bunching out, their joyningtogether very regulär, no one Vertebra standing out beyond the other, ei-ther before, behind, or on the sides. The Cavity for the Spinal Marrcwhad no Fault, but its bending Figure. The Bones of the Os Pubis were se-parated as utually. The Socket, or Cavity, of the last Bafiard Rib on the

Right