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327

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Thejf^ U ^’ Vent ilated, and heated in a suitable manner. 3.c ati 0n ? onst ruetion should be such as to allow no communi-^itb k ® tw een their inmates. 4. They should be furnished. an d bedding, with a fixed wash-hand basin with aIhg . u a water-closet, and with other necessary articles,to ti,g ° nei ' 3 should also have the means of giving the alarm^Cirnn t ‘ endantS > in case of illness or accident, or under8 aty, .Instances in which their presence might be neces-^Per Cp - ' e I )r ' sonel 's should be subjected to an easy, but“ V ' 6 ^ * ns P e ction.

Cet tain la ^ Cells .—In penal prisons, it is necessary to have aPopj s [ )] ^ lUll ober of special cells for the infirmary, for specialt^eir f lr ants > tor the different callings, and for prisoners onOf p at j ar rival. The cells for infirmaries, chiefly reservedttaty Ce ^ nts wl >o cannot be suitably attended to in the ordi-

‘>°Ul d 1 ^“’,. s t |ou ld be more spacious than the former, andthe ntt d ' s P 0Se( t in such a manner as to allow of the accesshtty p r - en dants. One cell of that kind for every forty or^Pt eij 0I ? era would possibly be sufficient. Cells for punish-8lJc h a be stronger than others, and should be built in8|Jc h p e j] an ner as to be easily darkened, if necessary. One

■

would

1 « a s 10n3

be

sufficient for about 100exercise

prisoners.

The

! l0a ld n 10 °t' the cells for the exercise of certain trades8| °ul<l j^' les P°nd with the use to which they are put: theyii a umK SltUate d ln preference on the lower stories, and

a *P th e 6 - r must depend on the nature of the trades carriedprison. In prisons where prisoners are constantlyp r “ 3o a Cer tain number of cells should be made, in whichj 8e P by ?? 6r ma y be placed temporarily, previous to beinglaw . ie sn^»— . —i. -ii- might be of smaller

o t

sur geon : and such cellsthan others.

>Pg ij„ 9 and Ventilation .—Whatever the system of venti-j'l'A gating may be, its results should be the following:of t( iriine le " C A to eac * 1 co ^ frcsli air, or, if necessary, offo ^ r!llJ ght^ 0l " eac b prisoner, without tlie inconvenienceof 11 ' air e a *. extraction from each cell of a quantity of

fa d>e Carr IVa ^ er| t to the quantity of pure air introduced, andC| litat; n ^ ln S on the heating and ventilating without°th er ? the means of communication, whether of sound*' ^ r - R 86 ’ b et 'veen the different cells,he CQ °m* 1 sa 'd> that excellent as the Pentonville prisonto teri de r t | n °t help saying that many things were wantingII, "’bore h ^ es tablisbment perfect. All the medical menof * e Piper dad spoken on the subject were of opinion, thatjo Veil tii at j atUre should be lowered at night-time. The modesi** O bset v 0tl Was not good in Pentonville: and he wouldc/Ply good’ 'b P e °pl e were satisfied with what wasr >at . Ve ntil a ti r ^ t ^ ie 3 r would never have better. The question

tV:

a tion

SNnot.^bich

was a most important one, particularly for

phials ijA".’ onlike England, had no colonies to which'0 r, 6 ! *be n ® lt; ,b e transported, and which were, therefore,, 8 °P. j^ ess 'ty of detaining the criminals for a long time• tj le must not be said that there was no way of

%

e ' > but * co “ * nto prisons conducted on the cellulartil'* ^ef 0rg father urge architects to find out a plan to that!)(.„ l0 P ™ n ext congress was held. The system of ven-it _ er kenwell prison had been lately changed,

hNth e ** foa nd P - - - " ■ P

C ’Ple meeti ng

to be a bad one. Mr. Rotch here'ip arm V‘“6 a plan for procuring ventilation : thelow ar * n ® to ^ e ’ fbat fresh air should be applied

%l es cai

N.

X

parts of the building, whilst the foul airfrom the roof of the house. He would just

>j > to s l‘°w that at Pentonville some improvementsbed ti • -About three weeks ago, lie bad been informed,^ rt y-six liours to lower the temperature,colonies, with one exception, now refuse to take convicts.

Colonel Jebb admitted that it would be better to admit airby open windows ; but such windows would admit of com-munication between the cells. He thought the system atPentonville could not be changed at present, without endanger-ingthe health of the inmates. Should the medical men, however,decide otherwise, alterations would be made. He thoughtthat the present mode of ventilation would not act preju-dicially on the health of the inmates during the eighteenmonths or so they remained in the model prison.

“ The article in favour of the establishment of a centralobservatory of inspection was adopted ; as was also onerelating to cells, with the exception of a sentence which fixedtheir space at from 28 to 35 cubic metres.”

The congress also adopted the following propositions :—

“ Chapels. —The chapel should be so disposed as that eachprisoner should join in the exercise of worship—seeing andhearing the minister officiate, without being himself seen ;regard being had, at the same time, to the fundamental prin-ciple of the separation of prisoners amongst themselves.

“ Parlours. —A certain number of cell-parlours should bemade, for the use of prisoners not authorized to meet theirrelations or friends in their own cells.

“ Domestic Service — Administration—Lodging of personsemployed in Prisons . —Whatever plan may be adopted, inde-pendent of the localities above mentioned, each prison on thecellular system should contain a bath-room, with a number ofseparate baths in proportion to the number of inmates ; akitchen, with its accessories ; a baking-house ; and a wash-house : a certain number of magazines for provisions, fuel,clothes, general stores, and manufactured goods, according tothe destination of the prison ; a clerk’s office ; and a meeting-room for the committee of surveillance ; lodgings for thedirector or chief officer, the guards, or watchers ; and,, inpenal prisons, for the sub-director, the superintendent ofworks, the almoner, the doctor or his assistant, and of suchother persons as may be placed in each prison by the admi-nistration.” Builder, October 9, 1847.

In the prison which has since been built at Holloway, forthe Corporation of London , it has been endeavoured to carryout these ideas. It is constructed upon the radiating prin-ciple, having four wings diverging from one centre, with twoother wings in front of the former : one of these wings isfor juvenile offenders, with school-rooms attached ; the otherfor females, with work-rooms and laundry ; the other fourradiating wings constitute the male adult prison. Thesehave large work-rooms attached, and an apparatus for liftingwater. The wings are twelve cells in length, or about 100feet, and 3 stories high. The corridors are 16 feet wide, andare open up to the ax-ched ceiling, with galleries leading tothe upper cells. The cells are 13 feet by 7 feet, fitted upwith water-closets, wash-hand basin, cupboard, table, stool,&c : these are warmed by means of hot-water pipes laidunder the corridor-floor, the air passing over them andthrough the flues provided in the thickness of the wall, andentering the cell over the door. The ventilation is to beeffected by means of a shaft, 146 feet high, of large dimen-sions." Inside this shaft is a tube of boiler-plate tiie wholeheight of the shaft, 5 feet diameter at bottom, and 3 feet attop. In addition to a furnace at the bottom of the tube, thesmoke from the vai-ious chimneys, together with the spareheat from the kitchen boilers, is conveyed into it, and willnecessarily raise the temperature of the column of air in theshaft, and make it pass off with great rapidity. The theoryis, that as no air can enter the shaft without previously pass-ing through the cell, a constant supply of fresh air will therebybe conveyed to the prisoners.

The chapel is a spacious room 70 feet by 40, and 48 feet