PRI
32S
PRO
to the ridge of the roof, with two deep recesses for thefemales and juveniles, and will contain sittings for 380prisoners. Provision is made for having a constant supplyof fresh air passing through the chapel to the ventilatingshaft. The arrangements for taking the prisoners from thevarious cells to the chapel, have been well considered. Thefemales and juveniles enter by separate doors near the altar,while the male prisoners enter by four different passages atthe opposite end. The kitchen is of ample dimensions, andbeing close to the base of the ventilating shaft, the steamand smell from the victuals will be readily carried off. Thewell-house is fitted with one of Mr. Bessemer’s disc pumps,which is worked like a capstan, in a building 30 feet dia-meter. The shaft is 217 feet deep, bore 102 feet, makinga total depth of 319 feet. The depth to the water is 153 feet.The tanks containing 14,000 gallons, are placed over thefront towers at a great elevation, from which the cellsand other places are supplied : the whole depth of bore is inchalk.
The whole extent of frontage next the Camden-road is ofKentish rag, with Caen -stone dressings. The style is cas-tellated Gothic. The sides of the chapel building, and theback wings, are of brick ; the windows to the cells haveParkspring - stone sills, with splayed brick reveals. Thewhole of the parapets are coped with Caen stone. Theroofs are flat, covered with asphalte, upon plain tiles and ironrafters. As the extracting flues for ventilation are imme-diately under the roof-covering, two thicknesses of plain tileshave been put 6 inches apart, to prevent the atmosphereacting in any way against the free current of air passingthrough them.
The porter’s lodge, which stands about 66 feet in front ofthe entrance-building, is also of rag, with Caen -stone dress-ings, and contains accommodation for two families. Betweenthe last-named building and the road, stand the two housesoccupied by the governor and chaplain, with large gardensattached.
The accommodation afforded in the prison is as follows—
Females . 60
Juveniles... 61
Male adults. 283
-404
Reception cells. 14
Punishment ditto .'. 18
436
with fourteen work-rooms, equal to ninety-six cells ; officesfor the governor, chaplain, surgeon, steward, clerks, &c. ;apartments for the surgeon and deputy-governor, and formaster and two turnkeys in juvenile wing, matron and twoturnkeys in female wing. The ground, consisting of tenacres, is surrounded by a brick wall 18 feet high, with a stripof land 20 feet broad round its exterior.
The prison is built upon land originally purchased by theCity for the purposes of a cemetery during the raging of thecholera in 1832. It is a little to the westward of the Hollo-way-road, upon the side of a hill, having a declivity of 4 feetin 100. Previous to the commencement of the works, theCity authorities entered into an arrangement with the com-missioners of sewers, who built a new sewer for the purposeof securing good drainage for the prison.
The building was erected from the designs, and under theable superintendence, of Mr. Bunning, the City architect.Mr. Jay was the contractor employed ; Mr. Lawrie, theclerk of the works.
The original estimate for the building was £92,293; but
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the committee considered that sum too large, and ord® 1 , 3 ndgiven to cut it down. The pruning knife was app 11it was reduced to the extent of £14,635. The contra® . n g,stood as follows :—Building, £77,655 ; warming, vent' ^water-pipes, gas fittings, locks, bells, cooking ;tuf e ’laundry fittings, forming the grounds, fittings, and tut p 0 -about £14,000; so that, allowing for some additions theration ordered, the expense of the whole was sometlu n o£ 100 , 000 . ot>
Prison-discipline is a problem the wisest of our l®o ‘have not been able to solve. When Pentonville P rl9 i tSerected, it was thought that complete separation; j,<isseverity, would lessen crime. The result, how® ’ poscarcely justified the belief. The government a8 er jts°ample opportunity of forming an opinion upon the yea rSthe separate system ; consequently, within the lastconsiderable relaxation has been made, and association ^$1
the prisoners is rather the rule than the exception;prisons. In others separation is still kept up.
With so many perplexing opinions before them,^ tauthorities were at a loss upon what principle to c ° n urse , a 1 ? 0
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prison, but they have now adopted a middlewhilst they have the means of confining the mostseparate cells, they have a sufficient numberfor classified association ; under the active supeiof the chaplain and officers. m-oP 09 ' 1 '
PROBLEM, (from irp6[5\rifia) in geometry; “ : a s '
ion
in which some operation, or construction, is req . ull u ,rh tin - ® 6divide a line, to make an angle to draw a circle thro opoints not in a right line, &c. . , pr ol>l en ’j
Messieurs, of the Port Royal, define a geometric®a proposition given to be demonstrated, in which t0 Dis required to be done ; and what is done, to be p rthe thing required. tbre e p&f’
A problem, according to Wolfius, consists oi ^ gfie; i ^the proposition, which expresses what is to be n’bi®resolution or solution, wherein the several st e P s ’ re j, e firsc ’the thing required is to be effected, are orderly ^jng ^the demonstration, in which is shown, that j r equhseveral things prescribed in the resolution, the 11 °is obtained.
1 's' ^ 6
Accordingly, the general tenor of all proble®®^ tb e
things prescribed in the resolution beingrequired is done.
PRODUCING, in geometry, the continuing
draagl’j
or drawing it out to any assigned length. or
PROFILE, (French ) in architecture,the .% ar e exP^e;of a building, fortification, or the like; in win® b as , j.
of a building, fortification, or the like; in • guCOthe several heights, widths, and thicknesse ,wnnlrl nnnpnr wpra flip linilrtinir cut down P r C
the V tu
, tli®/■g »t=°
would appear, were the building cut doWI *,^ p rofi} e a ndfrom the roof to the foundation. Hence ^ s ecti° 1l ‘called the section, sometimes the orthograpn M 11 ’’
by Vitruvius , also the sciagraphy. w ith & e
Profile in this sense, amounts to the saand stands opposed to a plan, or ichnograp Vj. nfl 0 f a aProfile is also used for the contour, or o , a g abuilding, member of architecture, or the 0 t
cornice, &c. , Por desig 111
Hence, profiling is sometimes used ^ ta ti° 8
.... ... M. u gl>
piles 1 fr 0 n»
of a body upon a plane, by drawing stra, J[,tour; 80 toa given point, or parallel from the g0 0 ® |)ie i4
the intermediate lines of the body, 1 . e couff' [ e0 c
the plane; then colouring the respe an d li° eaccording to the degree of light, sha ;surface.
describing the member with rule, compa® 3 ; r ep res8 i.,-o u 8“
PROJECTION, the art of forming .:«<* <■,, '