RUL

394

BUS

this table, the upper row of figures, viz., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,denotes inches, or the lengths of the sides of squares ; andthe second and third rows are the correspondent feet andinches to make up a solid foot. It is made by dividing 144inches by the squares of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

The line of board-measure is thus divided : suppose thedivision 7 to be marked; divide 144, the number of inchesin a square foot, by 7, and the quotient will be 20$ inches ;whence the division 7 must be against 20$- inches on theother side of the rule. To mark the division 8, divide 144by 8, and the quotient, which is 18 inches, must be placedon the line of board-measure against 18 inches on the otherside, &c. But because the side of a long square, that is,1, 2, 3, 4, 5 inches, requires the other side to be more than24 inches, the whole length of the rule, there is a tableannexed, formed by dividing 144 inches by each of thenumbers in the upper row, and then each of the quotientsby 12, to reduce into feet.

Rule, Use of the Carpenter's Joint. The application ofthe inches in measuring lengths, breadths, &c., is obvious.That of the Gunter’s line, see under Gunters Lines, in thearticle Instruments. The use of the other side is all weneed here illustrate.

1. The breadth of any surface, as board, glass, fyc.,beinggiven ; to find how much in length will make a square foot .—Find the number of inches the surface is broad, in the lineof board-measure ; and right against it, on the inches side,is the number of inches required. Thus, if the surfacewere 8 inches broad, 18 inches will be found to make asuperficial foot.

Or, more readily, thus : Apply to the breadth of the boardor glass, that end of the rule marked 36, laying it even withthe edge ; the other edge of the surface will show the inchesand quarters of inches which go to a square foot.

To find the content of a given surface : Find the breadth,and how much makes one foot ; then turn that over as manytimes as you can upon the length of the surface, and so manyfeet does the surface contain.

2. Use of the table at the end of the board-measure. —If asurface be one inch broad, how many inches long will makea superficial foot ? Look in the upper row of figures for

I inch, and under it, in the second row, is 12 inches, theanswer to the question.

3. Use of the line of timber-measure. —This resembles theformer ; for, having learned how much the piece is square,look for that number on the line of timber-measure ; the spacethence, to the end of the rule, is the length, which, at thatbreadth, makes a foot of timber. Thus, if the piece be 9inches square, the length necessary to make a solid foot oftimber is 21$- inches. If the timber be small, and under9 inches square, seek the square in the upper rank of thetable, and immediately under it are the feet and inches thatmake a solid foot. Thus, if it be 7 inches square, 2 feet

II inches will be found to make a solid foot.

If the piece be not exactly square, but broader at one end

than the other, the method is, to add the two rou” 1

take half the sum for the side of the square. an d *

timber, the method is, to girt it round with a stn »p ut tb>allow the fourth part for the side of the square. ^ tf"method is erroneous ; for hereby above a fifthsolidity is lost. See Sliding Rule , and TiMBEB.

Rule, Boip. See Ship Carpenter’s Rule.

RULER , Parallel. See Instruments. _ - s ;mpl e °

RUSTIC, a mode of building in imitationcoarse nature, rather than according to the rules 0 gtor , e s ® rRustic Chamfered, that when the face of *" e j V vh e '\smoothed and parallel to the surface of the wal > w jtb tj*the margins are bevelled, at an angle of 135 degre t0 tnface of the stone ; and as the joints are at right^ a "». deS re ^ g

AUCC UA tuc 8AUAAC j »UU US WiO JUlillS UIC t*u * ‘O -

faces, the margins will also be at an angle ot

vuv* waigiuo wiiA ctio,,

withthe joints; 80 that, whenlw^sti^come Uf *** le ,bevellmg, or chamfering, will form an internal rightRustic Coins, (by Vitruvius called lapides f

stones which are frequently placed at the external ^binld.ngs, so as to project beyond the naked of the ’ 1#D eedges being either bevelled, or the margins recessed in P jc bparallel to the face or plane of the wall. The recesses, ^are at the joints, have, therefore, three sides; t *oplane of the wall, or parallel thereto ; and the ° the * 0 inSgenerally perpendicular to the said plane. Ku3 , MC : Ari cl£were much in use about eighty years ago, particularlybuildings. See Quoins.

Rustic Frieze. See Frieze. . „ u oir 3 '

Rustic Order, an order decorated with rustic Q tberus ic work, &c. Felibien says, it is properly w ",. bU*several parts of the five orders are not exactly observe"this confounds rustic with Gothic. ,

Rustic Work is where the stones in the f flCe ’j ,yibuilding, instead of being smooth, are hatched or P«* eP olnt of an instrument. , j s tb®*

The most coarse or common kind of rustic w °. r *' t hir^where the edges are simply cut about one-half or 1 1& tb®

of an inch round the margin, so as to be in the pit* p9 rtwall, or parallel to the said plane, and the intend p!ir( sis broken with the hammer, so that the protubera .may prqject generally about an inch beyond the

The recesses of rustics either run with the horizon & a tor ’' , Wo t }, 0 onnparance of b° ar “ Jjtb b° tS

only, and have, therefore, the appearance funsmall intervals ; and sometimes the recesses - re:‘i - -- ’ and, tne

be°

of P

ifd'

tbe horizontal an J

deposed in tbi * D “ vertical joints; anu, -jecting tablets. ann er, they have the appearance

to a plane, parallef'tZZ ’ that where the margins are

intermediate part 111 tiZ £ lane of the waI1 ’ and W ijs of*fac « in protuberant n effect oFice ’ with an irregular

Rustic Work r£. , ;„s ® re

reduced to a p ] a ’ rm ^ c ^ated, that where the rosrg fg

the intermediate nZ™!? t0 the face of the wall> & rte i® s °

f ormed as to h^Z °i the stone > ^ neraJ

VQ the effect of being eaten by worm®-