400
SAX
The bow-saw is for cutting the thin edges of woodinto curves.
The ripping-saw is used for dividing or slitting wood inthe direction of the fibres ; the teeth are very large, therebeing eight in three inches, and the front of the teeth standperpendicular to the line which ranges with the points ; thelength of the blade is about 28 inches.
The half-ripper is also used for dividing wood in the direc-tion of the fibres ; the length of this plate is the same as theformer, but there are only three teeth in the inch.
The hand-saw is used both for cutting the wood in thedirection of the fibres, and for cross-cutting ; for this pur-pose, the teeth are more reclined than those of the two former;there are 15 teeth contained in 4 inches. The length of theplate is 26 inches.
The panel-saw is used for cutting very thin wood, eitherin a direction of, or transverse to, the fibres. The length ofthe plate is the same as that of the hand-saw, but there areonly about six teeth in the inch. The plate of the hand-sawand panel-saw is thinner than that of the ripping-saw.
The tenon-saw is generally used for cutting wood trans-versely to the fibres, as the shoulders of tenons. The plateof a tenon-saw is from 14 to 19 inches in length, and thenumber of teeth in an inch from 8 to 10. As this saw isnot intended to cut through the wood in its whole breadth,and the plate would be too thin to make a straight kerf, with-out being in danger of buckling, there is a thick piece ofiron fixed upon the upper edge, called the back. The open-ing through the handle, for the fingers, of this and the fore-going saws, is closed all round ; and is therefore calleda double handle.
Th e sash-saw is used by sasli-makers in forming the tenonsof sashes : the plate is 11 inches in length. The inch con-tains about 13 teeth ; this saw is sometimes backed with iron,but more frequently with brass.
The dove-tail saw is used in dove-tailing drawers. Thelength of the plate is about 9 inches, and the inch containsabout 15 teeth. This plate is also backed with brass. Thehandles of the two last saws are only single.
The compass-saw is for cutting curves upon the surfacesof wood. For this purpose it is narrow, without a back, andthicker on the cutting-edge, as the teeth have no set. Theplate is about an inch broad next to the handle, and dimi-nishes to about a quarter of an inch at the other extremity;there are about five teeth in the inch ; the handle is single.
The key-hole or turning-saw is similar to the compass-sawin the plate, but the handle is long, and perforated from endto end, so that the plate may be inserted at any distancewithin the handle. The lower part of the handle is providedwith a pad, through which is inserted a screw, for the pur-pose of fastening the plate in the handle ; this saw is usedfor turning out quick curves, as key-holes, &c. ; whence itsname.
SAW-PIT, a pit dug under ground for the sawing oftimber, the hollow being enclosed with a frame of timber-work, for the purpose of placing the timber to be cut by twomen, one standing in the pit, and the other on the top of thetimber. It is obvious that the top of the timber-frame, fromthe bottom of the pit, must be something more than theheight of a man, and not much raised from the level ofthe ground, for the convenience of placing the timber overthe pit. In pits made for duration, the insides are linedwith boarding, brick, or stone-work.
SAWYERS, men whose constant employment is to dividethe trunks of trees into boards, or into scantlings of timberof any size. They work in pairs, one man standing on thewood to be divided, the other beneath in a pit, made princi-
pally for the more easy placing of the timber,having a handle at each end, is drawn up by the mtop, assisted by the man in the pit, who pushes RP
it is then let down chiefly by its own weidegree of force exerted by both. This operationtill the whole cut has been made.
aht, with a
is ci
onti^ 0
l LIlc YVUUiC Olil IltlO UccII llld.U<3. - allD^I
Sawyers most commonly work by the hundre j ^ tb efeet, for which they have various Drices, accor rhardness or quality of the timber.
SAXON ARCHITECTURE, that style wltised by the Anglo-Saxons durini
erfic! 9 ;
... to
prices,
..rhich wasPj[ )i9
■ their"ascendency #I1 d
country ; a style which is exhibited solely in c ,uother ecclesiastical structures, and prevailed fromthe conversion of the Saxons , to the Norman confl oU ntry>
of tlie tn tb e,r
■iferior t0 ■
predecessors, the Britons, in the cultivation of . g oiU®
did e \ (Jr® 111the' r
they were pagans; a barbarous race, much >m er t j l6 ci v>
lized arts. It would appear that they — ^
buildings of importance, as we find Gregory^ ^ ^
giving permission to St. Augustine to make u ^temples for the purpose of Christian worship ■ - on ;description such buildings were, we have no con bu lJ
indeed, are we certain that they did not employ j igr tl' aings as they found already erected in the country, ^ ;tnw’erect new ones for themselves. Be this, h°w e _ v ®.^ e0-T gjve are here only concerned with their Ohri ^jgust 1 . fOf these, the first, occupied by the missionarywas one at Canterbury, dedicated to St. ^ gthelb e ’Bertha, the Christian queen of the pagan km c > w 89 a 9had been in the habit of using. This, howev B r 'j° 9-a Saxon edifice, but probably a church of the at ^ til . oU g |j 9which had escaped destruction by their trea< ji e J 3 ede tB c |,In reference to this circumstance, the Venera a d> ur . tus—“ There was, in the east side, near the m •j'Yp wh 1dedicated to the honour of St. Martin , former ,y een , wthe Romans were still in the island, wherein tas has been before said, was a Christian , use
to
to
say
this they at first began to meet, to sing, to Pf a ^’ co nver teC ^to preach, and to baptize; till, the king ^ >el f eely t0 P^tlii®the faith, they had leave granted them more tr, -p TO iaand build or repair churches in all places-^ eJ . eC ted e eaccount, it is evident that many churches we 0 f 1 \ e .
in St. Augustine ’s time, and of the erection o ^ t i,e cawe have authentic records. The first erecte ^ 0 iJ R° mgdral church of Canterbury, built on the site o i gr th e ^church, and which St. Augustine dedicate # ]m u9e n( 1of Christ’s Church. Adjoining to this, was naS tery> g t ,the bishop, and a little way out of the peter a® ^
a church belonging to it, in honour of ’« n j g h : ^Paul. This last, however, he did not lj ve ^ s ucce e “completed by Lawrence, whom he ordaine ^
as archbishop, after his death. th at . uS iy
It is further evident, from the above V' 0 ^ eeB pr 45 '. 1 > 9 is
nirnlioo woro flion otonf1iri(r whlfill rii.
afld t0
by some to have been originally a ^ oina jj ne ; bat ^ o0 dhave been no more than repaired by Aug® 9 ^ c hurcbever be correct, it is certain that a t the re® 1
originally on the same spot, and probably j^g onit at least still existed at the time we are ®P- na j fabr 10very likely that the materials of the ori n m,tworked up in the new erection. ugt ; n e, tb* ^ o® 0
So wonderful was the success of ■^■ u ^ h : i .[ 1 opr* cS ’his death he was enabled to found two ^ g ho r AjjJo®
at London and the other at Rochestei, ^_ t j, a t at
his decease, two cathedrals were erec e
churches were then standing, which *■“- g t> g
erected by the British Christians: of > s , 9U fnd
one, and another probably the cathedral,
It 19