S C A
408
SCI
carriage running on a rail in a longitudinal direction ; andthis carries a windlass, which moves across it in a transversedirection, and therefore can be brought to act at any pointwhich may be desirable.
SCAGLIOLA, an imitation of the most beautiful marbles,such as sienna, jasper, brocatello, and porphyry: it is hard,and, when finished, bears a very fine polish. For themethod of preparing it, see Plastering .
SCALE, (from the Saxon,) a line divided into a certainnumber of equal parts, each of which is subdivided intoothers, in order to express the parts of an object of a differentsize, either in a drawing or in a model, but in the same pro-portion as the original.
Scale, a mathematical instrument, consisting of one ormore lines drawn on wood, metal, or other matter, dividedinto equal or unequal parts, of great use in laying down dis-tances in proportion, or in measuring distances already laiddown. There are scales of several kinds, accommodated tothe several uses; the principal are, the plane scale , the dia-gonal scale, Gunter's scale, and the plotting scale. See Instru-ments, and Plotting Scale.
SCALENE TRIANGLE, (from the Greek, tnca\r)voe,oblique, or unequal ,) a triangle that has no two equal sides,nor any of its angles a right angle. A cylinder, or cone,whose axis is inclined to its base, is likewise said to bescaleneous.
SCAMILLI IMPARES, a term of uncertain meaning,used by Vitruvius , and much contended about among the cri-tics, though, in effect, it signifies no more than certain zoc-coes, or blocks, serving to raise the rest of the members ofan order, column, statue, or the like, and to prevent theirbeing lost to the eye, which may chance to be placed belowthe level, or below the projecture of some of the ornaments.The scamilli are well enough represented by the pedestalsof statues. See Pedestal.
SCAMOZZI, VINCENZO, a celebrated architect , bornat Vicenza in 1552. He was educated under his father, Gian-Domenico, an able artist in the same branch; and, at the ageof seventeen, he made designs for buildings that were veryhighly esteemed. He went to Venice for improvement, wherePalladio and others were then employed about works of mag-nitude and consideration, and he made very rapid advancesin his profession. At the age of twenty-two, he composed atreatise, in six books, De Tealri e delle Scene, which hasnever been published. In a visit ter Rome , he was engagedin the diligent study of the remains of antiquity to be foundin that city, and in the study of mathematics under the cele-brated Clavio. After extending his tour to Naples, hereturned, in 1583, to his native city, and settled at Venice ,where, Palladio being dead, he became the first architect, andwas .employed in various public and private works, of whichone of the most remarkable was the additions to the libraryof St. Mark. He was sent for to Vicenza to finish thefamous Olympic theatre, by which he gained credit. In 1588,Duke Vespasian Gonzaga engaged him in the constructionof a new theatre at his town of Sabioneta. After this, hevisited many of the chief places on the continent; anddecorated several other cities in Italy, besides Venice andVicenza , and few artists seem to have enjoyed a more exten-sive reputation. In 1615, he published a work, entitledL’Idea dell' Architettura Universale, in six books, which con-tains many useful observations and instructions. The sixthbook, which contains the five orders of architecture, is mostesteemed, and has been translated into the French language.Scamozzi died in 1616. Besides the writings above-men-tioned, he published a work of descriptions, of which threechapters contained the buildings and topography of Rome . J
i.lnaleS) 1
SCANDULiE, in ancient house-building, c« v f
of wood, used by the Romans instead of tH e3 ’ , emi • _.. /-I_WaS ,sml»
pieces VV UUUj UCUU K/J LA **-, AVVIIKU.U - £11*5 ~
houses. This, according to Cornelius Nepos , was 470 thcovering used in Rome till the war with Pyrrhus year of the city. ; cS vtb°
SCANDULARII, among the Romans, mechan^ « e{6prepared the scandul® used in covering houses,exempted from all public services. ,g nn ) d' e ,
SCANTLING, (from the French , eschcati^J^transverse dimensions of a piece of timber in Dthickness. . . gr
Scantling is also the name of a piece of tun , e _pjquartering for a partition, or the rafter, purlin, ° r ”of a roof. . tei ,nje
All quartering. ’ " ’ —".«»•«. 1
scantling,
late
little Iolumn
vvi
its bnse, outlie part where it appear, to rise
working it smooth 601106 “ stone t0 a P lane surf,aoe ’
SCARFING
pieces of timber’ ! tv iZ U ? ed to denote the junctiont her, so that the <• ^ Je,n £ bolted or nailed transversely aminated a scarf^lZTJ^ » s one. The ioint isIn scarSr iq- a’lZ 4 \ e timbers are said to be -- .ding surface o, the j° int or seam must have its j ebeam, so as to v^f 068 Pedicular to one side 0 1
See CAmZmr 3 Stfain in the direc£ion of
(from trcijytj, a scene, and YP a f “[( e ;
sentation of P fho 4 * e Sround-plan ; the elevation, - J „
in Position i IZZ pIilnes u P on “ vertical P Ze
‘be rep re s e ; it when th * whole is represented at one
ScbsosjuphTo” 7 P d the scen °9 ra l )h, J- ... pe rspe ctive
representation. F A PmAmD > the same as its p Vof any H deS’ (fr0m the Greek, ^ii/ru,) the re P Te&>J$%
i‘ dear to the uXZnHZ] ^ ^ ^ ^ *eme Arch, or Sicene Arch, a circular arch’
- SeeA.nct'
vlu> se
fc
dimensions arenZ ”* -
SC IIOFEET Z e o te ’’ f i' an a semicircle.
SC HOLIU\t /r SoFF1T -
occasionally Zade onZ^ 10 ^ a nofe ’ annotatkm ’ ZhTl**
I he term j s m nn ,, 0n s ° me passage, proposition, 01,(1 0 (
Mathematics * w i 1#a „ Us ^ geometry , and other P n - l3
Sequent to point A P f , . after demonstrating a prop oSlt}0 ’ a y‘ t° r t0 Sire Ce Z k mi ght be done some other
Mistakes ; 0r acJd v,ce or precaution, in order to P e0 f.Woldus has ffiven ( I,le Particular use or application ,jmethods, and l ab(m dance of curious and usefui ( /je
description of LZ° d P . art of tiie modern P hi !°ffJ’y ofscholia to the . lema (mal instruments, See., all by, en taMatheseos. les Pcctive propositions, in his
SCIAGRAPHY c a shad 00 ’
and ypa/po} to do or ^ciiOGRArnr, (from rr( ta> f. j r , i (}iength and’lirei/tT*^ tbe draught of a building, ^ or d3,the profile or «» J’ t0 display the interior : in ot
Sc ^i-^ c sZ ofit '
under five inches square
c ]i0'S eS
In alf scantlings for shoaring, the master-carpen ® . (1 v er/one-third for use and waste ; though, when uS . f 0 ui’th 1considerable quantities, and in large scantlings, °deemed sufficient. ; n leng‘ ’
Scantling, in masonry, the size of the stonebreadth, and thickness. stem) ‘ 1
th
a c .°i umn - R isalsoused for theabove or below, which connects- the shaft of a coi^- ^on a dot i‘ appears to rise out of t 1 . j )0U ,
SCAPPLE, to reduce a stone to a plane surface,
of ( ' y0tog e 'den °'