SEP

412

SER

SECTION op A Building, a representation of the build-ing as divided or separated into two parts, by a vertical plane,in order to explain the construction of the interior. Thesection of a building not only includes the parts that areseparated, but also the elevation of the receding parts, whichought, therefore, to be shadowed with a darker tint. It isobvious t-hat the section of a building ought to be taken so asnot only to show the greatest number of parts, but also thosethat present the most difficulty in their construction. Everyj building ought to have at least two sections, at right anglesj to each other, and parallel to the sides of the building : ai section of the flues will also be necessary, in order to conduct! the interior walls, and to avoid the improper placing ofj timbers, or mistakes that might otherwise unavoidably takeplace.

Section of a Solid, the place of separation that dividesone part from another ; it is always understood to be a planesurface. See Stereotomy.

Sections, Conic, see Conici Sections.

Sections of Cylinders, see Cylinders.

SECTOR (from the French secteur), an instrument formeasuring or laying off angles, and for dividing straight linesand circles into equal parts. See Instruments.

.Sector of a Circle, the space comprehended betweentwo radii and the arc terminated by them.

The area of a sector is found by multiplying the radius ofthe circle into half the arc of the sector.

SEDILIA, seats for the officiating clergy, frequently to befound in the south wall of the chancel of our old churches.They are usually arched recesses in the wall, and are oftensurmounted by canopies and richly decorated with carving,and sometimes quite plain. They consist of a series of fromone to five arches, for so many priests, the usual numberbeing three. The seats are sometimes level, but frequentlygraduated, following the level of the chancel steps ; they areoccasionally formed in the sill of a window.

SEGMENT (from the Latin segmentum, a shred or paring)any part of a whole.

Segment of a Circle, the area comprehended by an arcand a chord.

All angles in the same segment are equal.

A very useful practical rule for finding the area of thesegment of a circle is the following :—Multiply the chordinto the versed sine ; then, to two-thirds of the product, addthe quotient arising by "dividing the cube of the versed sineby twice the chord. See Mensuration .

SELL, the lowest piece of timber in a building. SeeSill.

SEMICIRCLE, the half of a circle contained by the dia-meter and the circumference.

The angle in a semicircle is a right angle.

The arc of a semicircle is, of course, half of the circle.See Circle .

SEMICIRCULAR ARCHES, arches constructed withsemicircular arcs. They were much used by Roman archi-tects, particularly in the decline of the Roman empire ; andalso by the Saxons and Normans in England, and their suc-cessors, until they were superseded by the pointed arch :they were again brought into use by the introduction ofRoman architecture, in the time of Inigo Jones .

SEPTIZON, or Septizonium , in ancient architecture, aterm almost exclusively appropriated to a celebrated mauso-leum of the Antonines, which, Aurelius Victor says, wasbuilt in the tenth region of the city of Rome, being alarge insulated building, with seven stages, or stories, ofcolumns.

The plan was square, and the upper stories, consisting of

columns, falling back much, rendered the pile of a gep'form, terminated at top with the statue of the emp etimius Severus, who built it.

It had its name Septizon, or Septizonium , from sbeingf'zona, q. d., seven zones, or girdles, by reason of i( s , in 0 tli erwith seven rows of columns. Historians mentm n tb 0Septizon, more ancient than that of Severus, bunThermte of Antoninus. miflb> ° r

SEPULCHRAL (from the Latin sepulchrum, » l tojnb s.place for burial) something relating to sepulchres ^ to inb

SEPULCHRAL CHAPEL , or chapel contaminatedor sepulchral monument, or in which masses we j gaID e »sfor the repose of the departed, and in this sense t >e a ^neD^Chantry Chapel. Such buildings were usually r

CO'

nder

to churches, and formed a small kind of aisle.

Sepulchral Column, see Funeral Column, 11,1lumn. preseU e

Sepulcpral Monument, a monument erected [ Jthe memory of some deceased person. They ar ®, those p*designs at different dates and places; but probabJ ge d idthe middle ages in this country will never be »P ” jjan/beauty of conception or delicacy of workmanship^^ on ggtfine examples are to be found in our cathedrals- ,y a ynflet e ithe most beautiful are those of Wykeham andWinchester. toin b),

SEPULCHRE (from the Latin sepulchrum,^ ff0r J i 0

place destined for the interment of the dead. a ncie nts:

chiefly used in speaking of the burial-places ofthose of the moderns are usually called tombs. eithe r 0Besides the usual sepulchres for the interm ’ rn t, t ' 1the whole body, or of the ashes of such as v ^? re w hichancients had a peculiar kind, called cenotaphict, ^ pefhap^

empty sepulchres, in honour of some persons w > tb

• ■ - opinion) ^ veftl -3

had no burial at all, from a superstitious °"j iun( ]red f

souls of those without burial wandered

ouuiB ui muse wiiiiuui uimui w«" uu * v - ,1

before they were admitted into the Elysia n Jgep u ^

mids are generally supposed to have been

built as

erecteo

d,

for the kings of Egypt , and the obelisks tvmementos of eminent persons deceased. t ], e e ast

In our old churches is frequently found, a u i c hral mf ' { ,usually on the north wall of the chancel; a . = s ® a ji e d the a

ment, enclosed in an arched recess. Tins j= “p" B ulchr e » - rltomb, as also the holy sepulchre, or Easter ceT ^

the circumstance, that, previous to the K e ° q( j jfriday ^ceremonies were performed here between ^ tb e f’o unEaster-day. It is not unfrequently the tom ^

of the church.

me ciuii cu. desig n ’ ,

Such tombs are frequently of very elam - ^ jnag 111 ®enriched with sculpture and colour. r Abb e P f ,

specimens exist in the presbytery of Westm palace , {

SERAGLIO, among Oriental builders, tn^ uS edprince or lord. By way of excellence, thethe palace of the grand signor at Constantinop ^ a ^SERLIO , SEBASTIANO, an eminent arc ^ p{l iof Bologna. He flourished, at Venice , i n e jj e jthe sixteenth century. He afterwards r? 01 ll e, vV *! e * 9 ofItaly , and resided a considerable time a jraWinS t ),estudied the fine arts, and made many e *° e , ba ve b ee ' ofedifices, ancient and modern. He i s sal tbe rem ® 1 . ve n

first who examined, with a scientific e y®’ u ; re d ' v 8 f^liicbancient, architecture. The knowledge lie a ,'j /ec tiire> th eto the public in A Complete Treatise of Are p ea re<i "^olfi'

he planned seven books ; and the first 4 ia j ,. u les . te d t0 .fourth in order, comprehending the ge ne ‘ ded lC gar 0 ®tecture, wlTich he printed at Venice m - x bo ok s “fyd 00 *Hercules II, duke of Ferrara. The ot i‘ el . e va rioU 3successively at different intervals; an