front, would have on each side eleven or fifteen. Thus thetemple near Mylassa had six columns on the fagade, andeleven on each side; that of Fortuna Virilis, at Rome , hadfour in front, and seven on each side. Sometimes, however,the columns at the side are an even number, and either dou-ble, or not double, of those at the front. Thus the temple ofJupiter Panliellenius, in the island of -ZEgina, had six infront and twelve on each side. The temple of -ZEgestain Sicily , as well as the grand temple at Psestum, have sixcolumns in front, and fourteen on each side. Some templesat Selinus have six columns in front, and on the sides of oneof them twelve, one fourteen, and another sixteen. Thegreatest temple in this city had eight in front, and sixteenon each side.

Temples are classified by Vitruvius into seven differentkinds, determined according to the disposition of the columns;viz., the temple in antis,prostylos, amphiprostylos, peripteros,dipteros, pseudo-dipteros, and hypeethros.

The temple in antis is the most simple in form, consistingonly of the cella, with a portico formed by the projection ofthe side-walls beyond the end-walls of the cella, the endsof the projections being enriched with capital and base simi-lar to a pilaster ; between the antte were two columns, oneon either side of the entrance. These temples were devoidof columns on the flanks, and are termed astylar, or devoid ofcolumns. The prostyle temple had columns only on its frontor fore side. The amphi-prostyle had columns both beforeand behind, and was also tetrastyle. The peripteral or peri-stylar temple was surrounded on all sides by a colonnade, and,according to Vitruvius , had six columns in the front, andeleven in the flanks, including those at the angles ; the spacebetween the peristyle and walls of the cella was of the widthof one intercolumniation. The number of columns in theflanks of Grecian hexastyle peripteral temples does not appearto have been regulated by the number in the front ; it hasbeen believed it always exceeded double that of those in thefront; but in the temples of .ZEgina, Paestum, Argos, Syra-cuse, .ZEgesta, and Selinus , it generally exceeds the doubleby two or more. Peristylar temples are of two kinds, thosewith a single row of columns on each side, and those whichhave two rows, and which are distinguished as dipteral.These were octostyle in the fronts, with fifteen columns inthe flanks, the walls of the cella ranging with the columnsat the ends which were third in order from the angles. Thepseudo-dipteral differed from the dipteral only in omittingthe innermost of the two ranges of columns which surroundedthe cella. The peripteral, dipteral, and pseudo-dipteral tem-ples all presented the same general appearance, but in thesecond some advantage was obtained over the first in theextended width of the fronts, but more especially inthe variety of effect in shadow and perspective, and in theextension of sheltered space which was gained for ambula-tories. In the third kind, the second advantage was lost, butthe last was considerably increased by the clear space gainedby the omission of the inner row of columns ; in fact, thisarrangement was similar to the first, with the exception thatthe space between the cella and the colonnade was twice asgreat.

The hypcBthral temple was open at top, and exposed tothe air. Of this latter description, some were decastyle,others octostyle ; but they all had rows of columns within,forming a kind of peristyle, which was essential to this sortof temple. The last kind was the monopteral temple, whichwas round, and without walls, having its dome supported bycolumns. Sometimes, however, we find circular astylartemples.

TEMPLET, a mould used in masonry and brickwork, for

the purpose of cutting or setting the work. When onicety is required, two templets should be used, ° n ^ ( | ltJmoulding the end of the work, and its reverse for try" °^ o0 eface. Where many stones or bricks are required to ^with the same mould, the templets ought to be ma

copper - . , -i under»

Templet, a short piece of timber, sometimes iaj‘'.girder, more particularly in brick than in stone build' » .

TENAILLE, (French, ) in fortification, a kind owork. url Js

TEN-FOOT ROD, a rod used for measuring out g 1or long lengths itt building. Meeting

TENON, (from the French tenir, to hold,) a P. ^er, torectangular prism formed on the end of a piece of tllU ’be inserted in a mortise of the same form. cutting

Tenon-Saw, a saw with a brass or steel back fortenons. See Saw. , e „re e

TENSION, (from the Latin tendo, to stretch,) t j r ecti otlthat a piece of timber is strained by drawing it in the 1of its length. i 0 yed

TENSION ROD, a rod usually of wrought iron, emp^ ' e „.to tie together any two parts of a structure which j mV t j e _,. 0 d3dency to separate or be thrust asunder. Such are t ‘ e ^flier,employed to tie the ends of the principals of a root o t j 1(J jralso such as are used to tie walls together to p re 'bulging, &c. , , gtr uc'

TEOCALLI, a name givfen to the ancient pyramitures of Mexico . n bath-

TEPIDARIUM, one of the apartments in a ^°^ or] ietry>TERM, (from the Latin terminus, a bound,) in S ethe same as boundary, or limit. ,], e top

TERMINUS, a trunk, or pedestal, adorned “W. w hoS ewith the figure of the head of a man, woman, or sa J > —i,;ctlibody seems to be enclosed in the trunk, as in a shea >usually tapers downwards. . .

TERRA-COTTA , baked earth. This m a . teria ‘ cie nt a" umuch used in building and modelling both in ® n ^ 0 tliefmodern times ; many specimens of bas-reliefs ] a ne unlornaments in terra-cotta have been found in Herand Pompeii . •„pd befor® *

TERRACE, (from terra, earth,) an area rais io0[) d,house, or other building, above the level of thewalking upon. The word is sometimes used io'or gallery.

Terrace-Roofs, those that are flat on the top-TERRAS. See Tarras. „ 0 r h° rl '

TERREPLAIN, in fortification, the platform,zontal surface of the ramparts.

TESSELATED PAVEMENT, a rich br tmosaic work, made of curious small square mar

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