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The walls of the principal chambers were often lined withCarved wainscoting in panels, which were small, and mostlycf'what is termed the linen pattern ; sometimes they weree nriched with carved work in the shape of ciphers, cogni-sances, chimeras, mottoes, &c.

The windows of this style are usually square - headed,divided into lights by mullions and transoms, the latter beingfrequently enriched with a series of small battlements on the*°p, and the lights arched and cusped.

The following examples will serve to afford some idea ofthe general character of the buildings of this period :—

Hampton Court Palace , commenced in 1514, was erectedhy Cardinal Wolsey ; it is a very magnificent building,Comprising no less than five courts. In the centre of theentrance-front is a square tower, flanked by an octagonalturret at each angle, which rises above the general elevationof the tower ; in the lower story is the grand gateway, withphtuse-pointed or Tudor arch, over which in front and rear18 a rich oriel window. The walls are crowned by battle-ments of open work, and each turret is terminated by anOctagonal roof, the contour being a curve of contraryuexure.

On the right and left of the tower the buildings are partlymodernized, but at each extremity is one of the old gables,me raking cornices of which are ornamented with figures°f griffins. From these extremities wings project towards•Ue front at right angles to the body of the building

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, ra t quadrangle, which is entered by the above gateway, con-8 >sts of the dwelling-house, the walls of which are crowned^'th embattled parapets; the windows are square-headed,a .Ud the doors covered by plain arches. In the centre of the8l de of this quadrangle, which is opposite to the grandjmtrance, is another tower similar to, but smaller than ther - 8 l, and flanked by rectangular battlemented turrets; throughUis tower is an arched passage leading into the second quad-an gle, and over it an oriel window.

. The second quadrangle is smaller than the first, the lefta 'ue being occupied by the grand hall, which is covered bylofty roof; the walls are strengthened by buttresses, ande windows, which are pointed, are divided by mullionsarri e d perpendioularly to the head. The right-hand side ofle court is occupied by a colonnade designed by Sir Chris-"pher Wren. In the third side is a tower in a line witht e two previously mentioned, containing a passage leading, the third quadrangle, the ceiling of which is enriched withe hcate fan-tracery. The third quadrangle is surrounded by0 p ar cade supporting the fronts of the buildings ; the walls' v hich are of red and dark bricks set in diamond patterns,a,.. are crowned with plain and perforated battlements.18 court was modernized in the reign of William III . Theows of the ancient building are distributed without res-‘ 1° symmetry; the frames are rectangular, and in generalgreater width than height; they are divided vertically byat or more mullions, and some by transoms running across

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about mid-liei6 head.

jht; the lights are obtusely arched at

frmber-roof of the hall is of very good construction,j- °f beautiful design. Each frame is formed by twot[ , ln ed principals, separated by a straining-piece at top, andi )p together at about mid-height by a collar-beam: a hammer-. * at the bottom of each principal projects for aboutrter *^ le ent ' re width of the hall, and is supported at theaen jity by a curved brace resting on a wall-post, whichb ’ n is supported on a corbel at some distance below thethe wall. The extremity of the hammer - beam

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pendant, and above it springs a curved rib whichone from the opposite side of the roof, immediately

under the centre of the collar - beam, and thus forms anobtuse - pointed arch. The contour of the roof, as seenfrom below, will therefore present the appearance of atrefoil ; it is enriched with pierced panelling, and othercarved work.

Thornbury Castle, Gloucestershire , was commenced about1511 ; the parts at present existing, having been built in thereign of Henry VIII., by Edward Stafford , Duke of Buckingham, who was engaged on it for ten years, but was notsuffered to live to complete it. “ The towers at the entranceto the inner court are bold in design ; the projecting machico-lations, still preserved, are very good examples. The bay-windows of the great hall are beautifully composed ; theplans of the upper and lower parts vary, the one beinga combination of five semi-circles of four lights in each,whilst the latter is angular, and more solid in construction.”The great oriel window is very beautiful, as are also theenriched chimney - shafts, fire - places, &c., illustrations ofwhich will be found in Pugins Examples.

The following description of a mansion of this period,at Midhurst, in Sussex, is given byWarton :—“ We enter aspacious and lofty quadrangle of stone, through a lofty Gothictower with four angular turrets. The roof of the gatewayis a fine piece of old fret-work. There is a venerable oldhall, with a noble oak-raftered roof, and a large high rangeof Gothic windows. Opposite the screen is the arched portalof the buttery. Adjoining the hall is a dining-room, thewalls painted all over (as was anciently the mode soon afterthe beginning of the reign of Edward VI. ,) chiefly withhistories (out of perspective) of Henry VIII. ; the roof is inflat compartments. A gallery with window - recesses, ororiels, occupies one side of the quadrangular court. A galleryon the opposite, of equal dimensions, has given way tomodern convenience, and is converted into bed-chambers.In the centre of the court is a magnificent old fountain, withmuch imagery in brass, and a variety of devices for shootingwater. On the top of the hall is the original louvre or lan-tern, adorned with a profusion of vanes. The chapel, run-ning at right angles with the hall, terminates in the gardenwith three large Gothic windows.”

Ilengrave Hall, Suffolk, was built, as we learn from aninscription on the outside of the curious oriel window,in 1538. It consists of an open court surrounded on threesides by a gallery, communicating with all the apartments,and lighted by windows looking into the court: on the otherside is the hall, (34 feet by 25,) which is lighted by a bayand two other windows, also looking into the court. Theprincipal part presents a very picturesque appearance,measuring about 160 feet in length. The building is ofbrick and stone, and the gateway, which is in good preserva-tion, is of peculiar design.

The manor-house at East Barsham, Norfolk , is composedalmost entirely of bricks ; it was commenced in the reign ofHenry VII. , and finished in that of his successor. Thefollowing description is given by Mr. Bury :—“ The wallsof the principal front are nearly on one plane, being brokenonly by the porch in the centre ; and octagonal turrets ofdifferent sizes are so disposed as to give a variety of outlineto the combination. The hall is fo the left of the porch bywhich it is entered ; the great parlour and principal apart-ments are beyond, or at the back of it. The windows arelarge, and must have given the rooms a cheerful appearance.The building consists of only t>vo stories, except in one part,where another is added as a tower. The upper string-courses are bold in moulding, and rich in cast ornaments andpanels ; these are surmounted by moulded battlements withbeautiful traceried panels. The stack of ten chimneys at the