TUD
513
TU S
Bernard Adams; Lawrence Bradshaw; and John Thorpe, wholeft us a book of his designs, which are very numerous:he was engaged upon a great many works, of which thePrincipal are—Holland House, Middlesex ; Longford Castle,^ilts; Wollaton Hall , Notts; and Audley End, Essex.Herard Christmas was engaged upon Northumberland House,as was also Moses Glover and Bernard Jansen ; of whom the8 econd was further employed in the completion of Sion House,®nd the latter in the erection of Audley Inn. Robert andHuntingdon Smithson, father and son, were engaged uponWollaton House, Notts, and Bolsover, Derbyshire . ThomasHolte was architect of the Public Schools, and of the quad-angles of Newton and Wadham Colleges, Oxford .
Several mansions of this style were erected or completedduring the reign of James I. , and even the early works ofHiigo Jones were in this style, as, for instance, the quad-rangle of St. John’s College, Oxford . The pure Italian,however, was rapidly gaining the ascendancy, and was des-hned to be permanently introduced by this same man in the®arly p ar t 0 f the 17th century.
The following is a list of some of the principal mansions“^longing to this period of architecture. As a description,Upart from illustrations, would be of little use, we beg tor efer the reader to a beautifully-illustrated work upon theSubject by Mr. Nash, entitled ‘ Mansions of England in theOlden Time.’
Name.
Date.
County.
Present State
®&singhouse .
1560
In ruins.
^°rhambury ..
1565
Herts.
Do.
j^aowle."..
1570
Kent
£ e Qshurst.,.
Kent
Do.
£ e nUworth .
1575
^nsdou.::::::
Rebuilt.
eirleigh .
1577
1579
Do.
Westwood.
1590
Do.
S ai 'dwick Hall ...
1597
Derby
In ruins.Perfect.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Restored.
Perfect.
Do.
1607
“famshill.
Ashby .
Northampton
'Jttmer Hill .
"
i, tla 'iton .
Wilts.
}riU8eld .
1611
1612
Wilts.
Do.
^arlton .
"
Kent
Do.
°U;over ..
1613
Derby
Dilapidated.
fhxlley l nn .
1616
^iiaLn.
Notts.
Do.
. There is one class of houses which reached its zenith dur-j 8 the reign of Elizabeth, and which deserve some mentionrids place : we allude to the half-timbered houses. Theyer e composed of timber frame-work, and present the appear-. Ce of brick-nogging, the spaces within the frame beingt* astered : the timbers are arranged sometimes vertically,a horizontal beams at intervals, and this arrangement hastj \ er y pleasing appearance ; at other times the secondaryutbers were ranged diagonally, or disposed so as to form-Metrical figures, such as squares, triangles, diamonds, &c.,^ u, not unfrequently, curved timbers were introduced.I^ch houses are peculiar in having the upper stories of4( ,8er dimensions and projecting over the lower ones, andTh renaar kable for their barge-boards overhanging the gables.Car e8e are frequently of very beautiful design, and delicatelyBo 5 e d > they have a singularly pleasing appearance. Woodenae ls, in the shape of grotesque figures, are also common.V °V n. 6 p
The plaster-work was frequently ornamented with devices ofvarious kinds, either in relief or recession.
The counties of Cheshire and Shropshire were peculiarlynoted for country mansions of this class ; and many examplesare to be found in the towns of Chester, Shrewsbury, Lei-cester, Warwick, and Ipswich. They invariably present avery picturesque appearance. The following is a list ofsome of the principal examples ; and, for further informa-tion respecting them, we refer the reader to a work upon thesubject by Mr. Habershon :—
The Oaks, West Bromwich : ... dateElmley Lodge, near Droitwich „
Old House, Market Place, Preston „
Bramall Hall, near Stockport ,,
Hop-pole Inn, Bromsgrove.
Pitchford Hall, near Shrewsbury.
Salwarp Court, near Droitwich .
Samlesbury Hall, near Blackburn „
Hall-i’-the-wood, near Bolton „
Ince Hall, near Wigan.
Moreton Hall, near Congleton .
For further particulars on the subject of this article, seeHouse.
TUDOR FLOWER, a flat flower or leaf of a diamondshape, placed upright on its stalk, much used in the erest-ings of Perpendicular work.
TUFA, a calcareous earth, composed of broken and con-creted shells, or the deposit from water impregnated withlime.
TUMBLING-IN, or Trimming-in : when a piece oftimber is to be fitted between two others, given in position,the fitting is called tumbling-in; a trimmer may be tumbled-in between two joists, and the purlins of a roof between twoof the rafters, when they are not bridged over them.
TUN OF TIMBER, about 40 solid feet.
TUNNEL, a subterranean passage.
TURNING PIECE, a board with a circular edge, forturning a thin brick arch upon, as the breast of a chimney.
TURRET, a small tower ; frequently found attached to alarger one at its angles, or at the angles of buildings ; theyare sometimes built out to contain stairs.
TUSCAN ORDER , an ordinance with a column andentablature the same as the Roman Doric, divested of itstriglyphs, mutules, and guttas, the members of the entablaturebeing continued throughout the whole length, without inter-ruption.
It has been customary to consider this method as a sepa-rate order ; but there would seem to be little reason for sodoing; for indeed it is little more than a variation of theRoman Doric , which, divested of its enrichments, is to allintents and purposes Tuscan.
We find no remains of a- complete Tuscan order amongstthe relics of antiquity ; the present delineations of the orderbeing determined by the interpretations which differentarchitects have put upon the passage in Vitruvius , in which itis described. As this description is somewhat obscure, it isnot unnatural that we should find that different conclusionshave been arrived at upon the subject: thus we have dif-ferent designs by Palladio, Vignola, and Scamozzi . Al-though we have no remains of a perfect order, we haveexamples of Tuscan columns, amongst the more noted ofwhich stands the Trajan column at Rome. Vitruvius doesnot speak of this as a distinct order, although he alludes to theconstruction of Tuscan temples. He makes the column sixdiameters in height, with a diminution of one quarter of a