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SECTION V.

ConJiruBion of Roads.

ROADS— Advantages tf, various — Circumfances to be attended to in the Direction of-—DifferentForms of conftdered—Fhe Convex—Fhe Concave—The Varieties of fat Forms—No particularForm fuitable perhaps for all Situations—Various Circumfances in regard to Forms fated—SomeObjeElions to the convex Form, probably not well founded—Concave Form found advantageous inLeiceferffire—Peculiarities in the fat Forms, defcribed—ObjeBs generally aimed at in all — Beatfon's’Theory of Roads—Form of the Bafs or Bottom, of much Importance—Application ofcertain Principlesin CorfruBion of—Different Circumfances to be attended to in—Various Advantages offuch Corf ruc-tion defcribed—Manner offorming the Drains in—When made on this Plan, Roads need not befo wide—Much Land may confequently be faved—The Quantity of efimated—Different Soils require« Difference in the CotfruBion of Roads—Methods of making them in fandy—In clayey—In boggySoils—On the Sides of Hills—Should be kept from having Water running on them in every Con-fruBion—Modes of confruBing iron or railed Roads—Advantages of—IVhere mof ufeful —Communication on parochial Roads—Defefls of—Means of improving them—Wheels of particularForms injurious to Roads—Different EffeBs of the conical and cylindrical—Latter mf advantageous— Cummings's Efimate of the Difference in the EffeBs of—Forms of Roads that are the leaf affeBedby Wheels in general—Fences on the Sides of Roads—Difadvantages ofthem—Circunfances necef-fary to be attended to in.

IT cannot be doubted but that good and convenient roads are of great ufe andadvantage, whether confidered in an agricultural or commercial point of view ;yet the bell means of forming and preferving them, feem, till lately, to havebeen but very little examined, or attended to. This will be obvious to everyone who enquires into the fubje£l, as he may frequently find them laid out inthe moll inconvenient and injudicious lines of dire6iion, and conlirudled withconfiderable difadvantage in refpett to materials, and the manner of their appli-cation. In marking out and dire£ling new lines of roads, the furveyor, or theperfon who has the management, Ihould conftantly keep in his mind a few