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Geodaesia improved; or, a new and correct method of surveying made exceeding easy in two parts : part I. Teacheth to measure, divide, and delineate, any quantity of land both accessible and inaccessible, whether meadows, pasture, fields, woods, water, commons, forests, manors, &c. by the chain only, whose dimensions are cast up by the pen, and consequently freed from the errors of estimation that unavoidably attend the scale and protractor. With necessary directions to map elegantly : part II. Introduces instruments, trigonometry, preparative remarks on the earth's superficies; and teacheth the invaluable method of casting up the dimensions of instruments by the pen several ways, all agreeing, &c. &c. : with a most useful appendix concerning the practical methods of measuring timber, hay'marl pits, bricklayers and plasterers work... / A. Burn
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88

GEODÆSIA Improved.

Note, A Balancing-Line is either real or imaginary, to wit,real in the Chamber, and imaginary in the Fields; in each Cafe,this Line is instituted by the Practitioner to avoid Trouble, andconsequently Accuracy also. See the Explanation thereof in thelajl Article of this Chapter.

Fourthly, Observe (in the Boundaries of the Estate you arcto measure and map) the Hedges and Ditches, that is, to whomthey belong: And here note, that if the Ditch is between theField you must measure and the Hedge, that Djtch belongs tothe neighbouring Gentleman's Land, and therefore you mustallow 4 Feet, or 6 Links, from the quick Roots in the Hedge,that is to fay, you must not measure within 6 Links off theHedge; but if the Hedge is between the Field you are mea-suring and the Ditch, then it must be measured therewith. TheAllowances for Ditches differ in many Countries, viz. someallow but 3, some 4, some 5, and some 6 Feet; however, Ithink 4 Feet sufficient, (except where Lands are joined byCommonings) for which fee the Directions at the End of theChapter. And as for the Hedges and Ditches within theEstate, measure the Ditch to one Field, and the Hedge to theother, when you are to map.

Fifthly, Let all the Off-sets you rake up, be as near the Fence,and as small or narrow, as possible; and when (or before) youbegin to take up an Off-set, remember always to look along theFence or Hedge that it lies up to, and remark where aboutsin the Fence your first Perpendicular should rise to; and whenyou have taken the same, stand at the End thereof, and lookagain along the Fence where the second should rise to ; and inthis Manner you must do at the End of every one that youerect. Be careful that you take your Perpendiculars so, that ifa right Line was drawn from the End of any one, to the next,that Line would neither include the Neighbour’s Ground, norexclude any Part of that you are about to measure.

Sixthly, See that you don’t go with your Chain into the Fieldsto meafuie, without a Staff about 5 Feet 4 Inches long, madesharp at one End to enter the Ground readily ; and a small roundBrass Plate, or Wood, between 5 and 6 Inches Diameter,fixt on the Top thereof with a Screw, or how you will. If

 
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