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Geodaesia improved; or, a new and correct method of surveying made exceeding easy in two parts : part I. Teacheth to measure, divide, and delineate, any quantity of land both accessible and inaccessible, whether meadows, pasture, fields, woods, water, commons, forests, manors, &c. by the chain only, whose dimensions are cast up by the pen, and consequently freed from the errors of estimation that unavoidably attend the scale and protractor. With necessary directions to map elegantly : part II. Introduces instruments, trigonometry, preparative remarks on the earth's superficies; and teacheth the invaluable method of casting up the dimensions of instruments by the pen several ways, all agreeing, &c. &c. : with a most useful appendix concerning the practical methods of measuring timber, hay'marl pits, bricklayers and plasterers work... / A. Burn
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GEODÆSIA Improved. 165

Directions in the foregoing Field or Meadow.

When you come into it, make for the North Side there-qf, (though any Side would answer the same End ;) then fix ona Place in the Hedge, suppose at A, and casting your Eye towardsthe opposite Side, fix on a Mark in the Hedge at B, to whichPlace chain, and as you advance take up the Left-hand or BrookOff-fet, as you were directed in the second Example; and atthe same Time take up the Right-hand Off-set; but when youhave measured 30 Chains on your base Line, your Staff will in-form you that a Perpendicular thereat doth arise into the subtend-ing Corner, upon which youll have a South Off-set; the firstPerpendicular thereto lies between the Staff and the Mark in theHedge at B ; {seethe \th or South Offset , Lest hand) then areyour Dimensions ended, which you may cast up in the Field, ifyou think proper: And if the Dimensions are to be planned,youll meet with Directions to effect the fame in Chapter theNinth.

N. B. If any of my ingenious Readers should think the pre-ceding emblematical Types too few, or insufficient to qualify themfor real PractitTe; let, them draw, with a Pencil, or Pen and Ink,upon Paper, such curvctineal bounded Fields as their Fancies(hall dictate; which, according to the 'foregoing Rules, maybemeasured by a Scale of equal Parts, and a Pair of Dividers, equallythe fame as if taken with a Chain in the Fields : Thus let themproceed in drawing the Form of one crooked Field after anotherupon Paper, till they become perfect and ready in measuring thesame; and then, (hut not before') they may venture into theFields: But in cafe the Idea should prove somewhat barren,and the Youth be at a Loss to draw himself difficult Examples,let him walk into the Fiesdi with Paper, Pen and Ink, and drawthe Form, at Pleasure, of such and such Fields as he shall thinkproper; and when he comes home, may measure his randomPlan by the Help of any Scale of equal Parts, which maybe repeated till; he is exceedingly ready therein; whereby hemay qualify himself for real Practice, I Would recommend thislast Expedient as a preparative Int:eduction to the Chain in theField ; for the Learner may be assured to meet with every Day,and in every Inclosure, unexpected Variety, since there are scarce-ly two Inclosures to be met with alike in Form. And when heis ready in measuring one Field, let him fix upon another or two

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