J.

J A U

J ACK, an instrument for turning the spit; also a con-trivance for supplying the place of a boy in pullingboots off. It also signifies a support for sawingwood upon.

JAMOCK, or jannock, oaten bread made into largeloaves.

JARDON, a name given by farriers to a swelling onthe out-side of the back of a horse.

It generally proceeds from blows and kicks of otherhorses; but frequently happens to managed horses, by set-ting them on their haunches : it is seldom attended withmuch lameness, unless it has been neglected, or somelittle process of the bone broken. It should be first treat-ed with coolers and repellents, such as hot vinegar, ver-juice, &c. but if any swelling continues hard and insen-sible, the best way is to blister or fire ; but mild blistersalone generally succeed. Bartless Farriery , page 263.

JAUNDICE, a distemper incident to horses, and ge-nerally called, by farriers, the yellows.

Horses are frequently subject to this distemper, whichis known by a dusky yellowness of the eyes; the inside ofthe mouth and lips, the tongue and bars of the roof ofthe mouth looking also yellow. The creature is dull,and refuses all manner of food ; the fever is stow, yetboth that and the yellowness increase together. Thedung is often hard and dry, of a pale yellow, or lightpale green. His urine is commonly of a dark dirtybrown colour; and, when it has settled some time onthe pavement, it looks red like blood. He stales withsome pain and difficulty, and if the distemper is notchecked, soon grows delirious and frantic. The off-sideof the belly is sometimes hard and distended ; and in oldhorses, when the liver has been long diseased, the cure isscarce practicable, and ends fatally with a wasting diar-rhœa : but when the distemper is recent, and in younghorses, there is no fear of a recovery, if the following di-rections are observed.

First of all bleed plentifully ; and give the laxativeclyster, as horses are apt to be very costive inthis distemper j and the next day give him thispurge.

Take of Indian rhubarb, powdered, one ounce anda half; saffron two drains, succotrine aloes sixdrams, syrup of buckthorn a sufficient quantity.

If the rhubarb should be found too expensive, omit it,and add the same quantity of cream of tartar, and half anounce of Castile soap, with four drams more of aloes.This may be repeated two or three times, giving inter-mediately the following balls and drink.

I N C

Take of Æthiops mineral half an ounce; millepedesthe fame quantity, Castile soap one ounce ; makeinto a ball, and give one every day, and wash itdown with a pint of this decoction.

Take madder root and turmerick, of each fourounces ; burdock root sliced, half a pound;Monk’s rhubarb four ounces; liquorice sliced twoounces: boil in a gallon of forge water to threequarts; strain off, and sweeten with honey.

Balls of Castile soap and turmerick may be given alsofor this purpose, to the quantity of three or four ouncesa day, and will in most recent cafes succeed.

By these means the distemper generally abates in aweek, which may be discovered by an alteration in thehorse’s eyes and mouth ; but the medicines must be con-tinued till the yellowness is entirely removed. Shouldthe distemper prove obstinate, and not submit to thistreatment, you must try more potent remedies, viz.mercurial physic, repeated two or three times at properintervals; and then the following balls:

Take salt of tartar two ounces, cinnabar of anti-mony four ounces, live millipedes and filings ofsteel, of each four ounces, Castile or Venice soaphalf a pound: make into balls of the size of pul-lets eggs, and give one night and morning, witha pint of the above drink.

It will be proper, on his recovery, to give him two orthree mild purges, and, if a full fat horse, to put in arowel. Bartles s Farriery , page 156.

ILES, or oiler, the beards or the ears of barley, wheat,&c.

INCLOSURE, the separation of common grounds in-to distinct possessions.

The inclosing lands, and dividing them into differentfields, pastures, &c. is a most essential part of their realimprovement, and attended with many very considerableadvantages, of which we shall here mention only thefollowing :

Inclosures ascertain to every man his just and due pro-perty, and thereby prevent infinity of trespasses, inju-ries, and other sources of ruinous litigation. They keepthe land warm, and add to its fertility, by screening itfrom violent and nipping winds, which otherwise fre-quently destroy whole crops; and they also defend it froththose drying and scorching winds, which so often blast atonce the husbandman’s, till then well grounded, expecta-tions. They afford shade in the summer, and shelter inthe winter, for cattle, which would otherwise destroy

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